Table 4.
Energy Balance, Energy Availability and Surrogate Markers of Energy Deficiency.
| Phase 1 (Off-Season) |
Phase 2 (Off-Season) |
Phase 3 (Pre-Season) |
Phase 4 (In-Season) |
Phase 5 (In-Season) |
Overall p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy Balance (kcal/day) * | −366 ± 527 ‡ | −564 ± 484 | −719 ± 440 | −389 ± 432 3 | −421 ± 418 | 0.01 |
| Energy Availability (kcal/kg FFM) * | 30.4 ± 11.0 ‡ | 26.2 ± 10.5 | 22.9 ± 8.5 | 28.7 ± 9.5 ‡ | 28.9 ± 9.2 | 0.017 |
| RMR Ratio, Schofield (Measured/Predicted) * | 1.02 ± 0.7 | -- | 1.11 ± 0.1 1 | -- | 1.15 ± 0.1 1 | <0.001 |
| RMR Ratio, Cunningham (Measured/Predicted) * | 1.0 ± 0.1 | -- | 1.08 ± 0.1 1 | -- | 1.1 ± 0.1 1 | 0.001 |
| Free Mass Index (kg/m2) | 16.6 ± 1.2 | -- | 16.7 ± 1.2 | -- | 16.5 ± 1.3 | 0.175 |
Data is presented as mean ± SD. kcal = Kilocalorie; g = gram; kg = kilogram; * Significant effect of Phase via Repeated Measures ANOVA. 1 Significantly different from Phase I. 3 Significantly different from Phase III. ‡ Trend toward difference from Phase III. The bold indicates statistical significance.