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. 2019 Feb 20;11(2):445. doi: 10.3390/nu11020445

Table 5.

Demographic variables and its association with food insecurity.

Demographic Univariate Multivariable—Model 1 (Demographics Only) Multivariable—Model 2 (Demographics and Food Literacy Behaviours)
Age
66 and over 1 1
56–65 1.75 (1.08–2.85) p = 0.0233 1.73 (0.98–3.05) p = 0.0589
46–55 3.53 (2.22–5.62) p < 0.0001 3.27 (1.88–5.69) p < 0.0001
36–45 2.80 (1.83–4.28) p < 0.0001 3.66 (2.19–6.11) p < 0.0001
26–35 2.60 (1.7–3.98) p < 0.0001 3.61 (2.15–6.06) p < 0.0001
18–25 3.34 (2.1–5.32) p < 0.0001 2.81 (1.6–4.92) p = 0.0003
Education
Completed university degree (undergraduate or higher) 1 1 1
Completed TAFE/Certificate/Diploma/Trade 1.71 (1.26–2.33) p = 0.001 1.78 (1.24–2.54) p = 0.0015 1.74 (1.13–2.68) p = 0.0112
Completed high school 2.26 (1.63–3.13) p < 0.0001 2.49 (1.68–3.67) p < 0.0001 2.28 (1.43–3.63) p = 0.0005
Some high school 3.32 (2.35–4.68) p < 0.0001 2.84 (1.85–4.37) p < 0.0001 2.05 (1.22–3.47) p = 0.007
Household Composition
Other (e.g., shared or supported accommodation) 1
Couple with children 1.65 (1.2–2.26) p = 0.0020
Single parent with children 1.94 (1.12–3.36) p = 0.0188
Couple with no children 2.24 (1.61–3.1) p < 0.0001
Single person 3.28 (2.33–4.63) p < 0.0001
Employment
Full time/self employed 1 1 1
Part time/casual 1.20 (0.8–1.79) p = 0.3781 1.19 (0.76–1.86) p = 0.4584 1.07 (0.65–1.77) p = 0.7849
Unemployed/Unable to work/disability pension/rehabilitation/prison 2.32 (1.57–3.42) p < 0.0001 2.19 (1.4–3.43) p = 0.0006 2.28 (1.39–3.77) p = 0.0012
Other: Student/maternity leave/retired/house duties/volunteer 0.87 (0.6–1.27) p = 0.4723 1.05 (0.68–1.61) p = 0.8236 0.76 (0.48–1.20) p = 0.2359
SEIFA 1
High 1
Middle 1.25 (0.93–1.68) p = 0.1442
Low 1.55 (1.18–2.05) p = 0.0018
Born in Australia 2
No 1 1 1
Yes 1.81 (1.43–2.29) p < 0.0001 1.36 (1.04–1.79) p = 0.0260 1.61 (1.18–2.19) p = 0.0025
Identify as ATSI 2,3
No 1 1
Yes 3.07 (1.97–4.79) p < 0.0001 1.3–3.49) p = 0.0027

1 SEIFA, Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas, derived from postcode [38]; 2 Added in later version of questionnaire; 3 Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander.