Table 1.
ASD (all; n=2961) | ASD with ID (n=445) | ASD without ID (n=2516) | Controls (n=35 370) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||
Males | 2403 (81.2) | 354 (79.6) | 2049 (81.4) | 29 225 (82.6) |
Females | 558 (18.8) | 91 (20.4) | 467 (18.6) | 6145 (17.4) |
Year of birth | ||||
1998-2004 | 1033 (34.9) | 243 (54.6) | 790 (31.4) | 14 390 (40.7) |
2005-2010 | 1928 (65.1) | 202 (45.4) | 1726 (68.6) | 20 980 (59.3) |
Maternal age | ||||
≤19 | 233 (7.9) | 38 (8.5) | 195 (7.8) | 4931 (13.9) |
20-24 | 808 (27.3) | 136 (30.6) | 672 (26.7) | 10 253 (29.0) |
25-29 | 884 (29.9) | 117 (26.3) | 767 (30.5) | 9779 (27.6) |
30-34 | 592 (20.0) | 96 (21.6) | 496 (19.7) | 6712 (19.0) |
≥35 | 443 (15.0) | 58 (13.0) | 385 (15.3) | 3694 (10.4) |
Missing data | 1 (0.0) | — | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) |
Maternal race or ethnicity | ||||
White to non-Hispanic | 1100 (37.1) | 166 (37.3) | 934 (37.1) | 9943 (28.1) |
Hispanic to any race | 1424 (48.1) | 205 (46.1) | 1219 (48.4) | 20 802 (58.8) |
Black | 149 (5.0) | 33 (7.4) | 116 (4.6) | 1562 (4.4) |
Asian/Pacific Islanders | 214 (7.2) | 35 (7.9) | 179 (7.1) | 2155 (6.1) |
Others | 74 (2.5) | 6 (1.3) | 68 (2.7) | 908 (2.6) |
US born | ||||
Yes | 2133 (72.0) | 314 (70.6) | 1819 (72.3) | 22 152 (62.6) |
No | 828 (28.0) | 131 (29.4) | 697 (27.7) | 13 209 (37.3) |
Missing data | — | — | — | 9 (0.0) |
Maternal education | ||||
Less than 8th grade | 174 (5.9) | 34 (7.6) | 140 (5.6) | 4518 (12.8) |
9th to 12th grade | 435 (14.7) | 69 (15.5) | 366 (14.5) | 7583 (21.4) |
High school graduate | 937 (31.6) | 152 (34.2) | 785 (31.2) | 10 909 (30.8) |
Some degree less than college | 923 (31.2) | 131 (29.4) | 792 (31.5) | 7854 (22.2) |
College or more | 455 (15.4) | 48 (10.8) | 407 (16.2) | 3925 (11.1) |
Missing data | 37 (1.2) | 11 (2.5) | 26 (1.0) | 581 (1.6) |
ASD=autism spectrum disorder; ID=intellectual disability. Data are number (%) or individuals.
Central Valley counties include San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Merced, Madera, Fresno, Kings, Tulare, and Kern.