Skip to main content
PMC home page
Bioscience Reports logoLink to Bioscience Reports
. 2018 Dec 7;38(6):BSR20181436. doi: 10.1042/BSR20181436

MiR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p suppress migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells through targetting ZEB2

Suogang Wang 1, Geng Zhang 1, Wanxiang Zheng 1, Qin Xue 1, Di Wei 1, Yu Zheng 1, Jianlin Yuan 1,✉
PMCID: PMC6435551  PMID: 30352837

Abstract

Bladder cancer (BCa) threatens human health due to the high occurrence and mortality. Nowadays, more and more researchers focussed on the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of miRNAs in human cancers. The present study aims to study the biological role of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p in BCa. The expression levels of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p were detected in BCa tissues and cell lines by qRT-PCR analysis. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that the expression levels of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p were positively correlated with the overall survival (OS) rate of BCa patients. Gain-of-function assays were conducted to demonstrate the inhibitory effects of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p on the invasion, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of BCa cells. Mechanically, ZEB2 was found to be a target of both miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p. Rescue assays revealed that ZEB2 reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p on the invasion and migration of BCa cell lines. In summary, miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p negatively regulated invasion and migration of BCa cell lines via targetting ZEB2.

Keywords: bladder cancer, miR-454-3p, miR-374b-5p, migration, ZEB2

Introduction

Bladder cancer (BCa) ranks ninth in all commonest cancers all over the world. Although a lot of efforts have been made, the mortality of BCa patients is still high [1]. Approximately 30–40% of BCa patients develop muscle-invasive or muscle-metastatic disease [2]. Half of muscle-invasive BCa patients are cured by surgery, while the other patients could not be cured due to the rapid disease progression [3]. Therefore, it is quite important to investigate the underlying mechanism by which the invasion and migration of BCa are regulated. The present study aims to investigate the specific role of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p in BCa.

MiRNAs are defined as a group of short non-coding RNAs whose length is approximately 21–25 nts. According to the previous reports, miRNAs can act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes through binding to the 3′-UTR region of their target genes [4]. More and more studies have been performed to demonstrate the function of miRNAs in the malignant progression of BCa [5–7]. Moreover, the biological function of miRNAs have been widely reported in various human cancers [8–11], including BCa [12,13]. Mechanistically, miRNAs can modulate invasion and migration of BCa cells through targetting their downstream mRNAs [14–17]. It has been reported that miR-454-3p and miR-374b can act as tumor suppressors to modulate tumorigenesis and progression of several malignancies [18–23]. Nevertheless, they were rarely reported in BCa. The present study investigated the biological functions of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p in human BCa. After the expression patterns were determined in different BCa tissues and cell lines, the prognostic values of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p were identified with Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Subsequently, gain-of-function experiments were designed and conducted in two BCa cell lines. The effects of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p on migration and invasion of BCa cells were analyzed. Mechanism investigation demonstrated that ZEB2 is a common target of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p. Finally, rescue experiments were performed to detect the effects of miR-454-3p/miR-374b-5p-ZEB2 axis on the migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of BCa cells.

Materials and methods

Tissue samples

Eighty pairs of BCa tissues and the adjacent normal tissues were collected and obtained from patients who were diagnosed with BCa in the Fourth Military Medical University. All patients participated in the present study had signed the informed consent. The present study had been approved by the ethics committee of The Fourth Military Medical University. All tissue samples were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at − 80°C until use.

Cell culture and transfection

All cell lines (SV-HUC, TCC, 253J, 5637, J82, T24, EJ, HEK-293T) used in the present study were bought from the Type Culture Collection of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China). All cell lines used in the present study are BCa cell lines, except the normal bladder epithelial cell line SV-HUC. All cell lines were maintained and cultured in DMEM (Gibco, U.S.A.) which was added to 10% FBS. Cell culture was performed at 37°C in a moist incubator with 5% CO2.

MiR-454-3p mimics and miR-374b-5p mimics and the negative control duplexes (named miR-NC) without any significant homology to known human sequences were utilized for gain-of-function assays. The RNA duplexes were synthesized by GenePharma (Shanghai, China). All transfections in the present study were performed and finished with Lipofectamine 2000 reagents (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, U.S.A.).

qRT-PCR

Total RNA extraction was performed with TRIzol regents (10606ES60; Yeasen, Shanghai, China) from BCa tissues or cell lines. For cell lysis, total RNA was extracted with the phenol-chloroform method. UV spectrophotometry (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, U.S.A.) was utilized to quantify RNA. Subsequently, RNA (1 μg) was reverse-transcribed to cDNA using ReverTra Ace qPCR RT Kit (FSQ-101, TOYOBO). The mRNA levels of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p was detected with qRT-PCR through using AceQ qPCR SYBR Green Master Mix (Q111, Vazyme). U6 was used as the reference gene. The formula of relative expression value was 2−ΔΔCt.

Transwell assay

After transfection, BCa cells (1 × 104) were suspended in 200 μl of serum-free medium. For invasion and migration assays, BCa cells were then seeded into the upper chambers of transwell chambers (8 μm pore size, Costar) which were coated with or without Matrigel (BD Biosciences, U.S.A.). As a chemoattractant, medium containing 10% FBS was added into the bottom chamber. Next, the cells were incubated under conditions of 37°C and 5% CO2 for 48 h (invasion assay) and for 24 h (migration assay). After incubation, cells stayed in the top chamber were wiped out with cotton swabs. Whereas, cells on the lower surface were fixed with methanol and stained with 0.1% Crystal Violet. Finally, the visual fields were photographed and magnified at × 100 under a microscope (Olympus, Japan).

Dual luciferase reporter assay

Oligonucleotide pairs containing miR-454-3p target region and miR-374b-5p target region or their mutant target regions were designed and ordered from Sangon (Shanghai, China). After annealing, all double-stranded segments were inserted into pmirGLO Dual-Luciferase miRNA Target Expression Vector (Promega, Madison, WI, U.S.A.). Dual luciferase assays were carried out in HEK-293T cells which were seeded in a 96-well plate (Corning/Costar, Acton, MA, U.S.A.) at a density of 1   × 104 cells per well. Eight hours later, relative miRNA mimics and control mimics were co-transfected into cells. Two days later, the luciferase activities were assessed with a Reporter Assay System Kit (Promega, Beijing, China) and were normalized to Renilla.

Western blot assay

Cell lysis was performed with RIPA buffer (Beyotime, China). Protein was quantitated with BCA analysis (Beyotime, China). The protein extractions were separated with SDS/PAGE (10% gel) and transferred on to PVDF membranes (Sigma–Aldrich, U.S.A.). Subsequently, the membranes were incubated with primary antibodies (anti-E-cadherin, anti-N-cadherin, anti-ZEB2, anti-GAPDH) and with a secondary antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, U.S.A.). Subsequently, the membranes were incubated with primary antibodies: anti-E-cadherin (ab40772), anti-N-cadherin (ab76057), anti-ZEB2 (ab138222), anti-GAPDH (ab181602) and with a secondary antibody (#93702, 1: 2000 dilution, Cell Signaling Technology, CST, MA, USA). All primary antibodies were diluted at 1: 1000 and purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA).The signals were measured by using a chemiluminescence system (Bio-Rad, U.S.A.) and analyzed with Image Lab Software.

Statistical analysis

All statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS 19.0 (IBM, SPSS, Chicago, IL, U.S.A.). Data were statistically significant when P-values less than 0.05. Data displayed as mean ± S.D. of more than two independent experiments. Differences between two groups were compared and analyzed with the Student’s t test. Differences amongst multiple groups were compared and analyzed with one-way ANOVA. Correlations were analyzed with Spearman’s correlation coefficient analysis. Survival curves were generated and analyzed with Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank test.

Results

Down-regulation of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p predicted unfavorable prognosis for patients with BCa

The expression levels of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p were separately examined in BCa tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Interestingly, the levels of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p were lower in BCa tissues than that in adjacent non-tumor tissues (Figure 1A). Similarly, the expression levels of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p were tested in one normal bladder epithelial cell (SV-HUC) and six BCa cells (TCC, 253J, 5637, J82, T24, EJ). The lower levels of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p were detected in BCa cells (Figure 1B). To analyze the prognostic value of miR-454-3p or miR-374b-5p, the tissue samples were divided into two groups in accordance with the mean value of miR-454-3p or miR-374b-5p expression. According to the Kaplan–Meier analysis, patients with high levels of miR-454-3p or miR-374b-5p had higher overall survival (OS) rate than those with low levels of miR-454-3p or miR-374b-5p (Figure 1C). Therefore, we confirmed that miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p are two important prognostic factors for BCa patients.

Figure 1. Down-regulation of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p predicted unfavorable prognosis for patients with BCa.

Figure 1

Open in a new tab

(A) The expression levels of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p were separately examined in BCa tissues and adjacent normal tissues with qRT-PCR. (B) The levels of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p were tested in one normal bladder epithelial cell (SV-HUC) and six BCa cells (TCC, 253J, 5637, J82, T24, EJ) through using qRT-PCR. (C) Kaplan–Meier analysis was utilized to analyze the OS rate of BCa patients with high or low levels of miR-454-3p or miR-374b-5p. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with control group.

Overexpression of miR-454-3p or miR-374b-5p suppressed migration and invasion of BCa cells

The data of Figure 1B showed that miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p were expressed lowest in EJ and T24 cells. Thus, miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p were separately overexpressed in T24 and EJ cell lines by transfecting with miR-454-3p mimics or miR-374b-5p mimics (Figure 2A). miR-NC was used as the negative control for all subsequent experiments. Next, we applied Transwell assays to detect the migratory and invasive abilities of BCa cells in which miR-454-3p or miR-374b-5p were overexpressed. As a result, both migration and invasion of BCa cells were obviously inhibited (Figure 2B,C). To show the effects of miR-454-3p mimics or miR-374b-5p mimics on EMT progress of BCa cells, the levels of EMT-related proteins were detected. The level of epithelial marker (E-cadherin) was significantly increased, while the level of mesenchymal marker (N-cadherin) was decreased (Figure 2D).

Figure 2. Overexpression of miR-454-3p or miR-374b-5p suppressed migration and invasion of BCa cells.

Figure 2

Open in a new tab

(A) miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p were separately up-regulated in T24 and EJ cell lines through transfecting with miR-454-3p mimics or miR-374b-5p mimics. miR-NC was used as the negative control. The transfection efficiency was detected with qRT-PCR. (B,C) Transwell assays were applied to assess the migration and invasion abilities of BCa cells in which miR-454-3p or miR-374b-5p were overexpressed. (D) Western blot analysis was utilized to analyze the levels of EMT-related proteins in BCa cells transfected with miR-454-3p mimics or miR-374b-5p mimics. **P<0.01 compared with control group.

ZEB2 is the target of both miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p

Based on the findings above, we further studied the molecular mechanisms of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p. Four hundred and twelve putative targets of miR-454-3p were found from four bioinformatics prediction tools (PITA, miRanda, picTar and TargetScan). Similarly, 159 targets of miR-374b-5p were found. The results were illustrated with the Venn diagrams (Figure 3A). Subsequently, 17 common targets of both miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p were predicted (Figure 3B). These 17 potential targets are listed in Supplementary Table S1. Amongst these 17 targets, ZEB2 is a tumor promoter which can increase cell migration, invasion, and EMT process in human cancers. Therefore, we chose ZEB2 to do further study. The binding sequence between miR-374b-5p and ZEB2 as well as between miR-454-3p and ZEB2 was predicted using bioinformatics analysis (Figure 3C). Next, dual luciferase reporter assays were conducted in HEK-293T cells. The luciferase activity of wild-type ZEB2 (ZEB2-WT) decreased by miR-454-3p mimics or miR-374b-5p mimics was recovered by up-regulation of ZEB2 (Figure 3D). Subsequently, result of qRT-PCR suggested that ZEB2 was up-regulated in BCa tissues (Figure 3E). Similarly, the prognostic value of ZEB2 was analyzed. The BCa samples were classified into two groups in accordance with the mean value of ZEB2 expression. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with higher ZEB2 expression possessed lower OS rate than those with lower ZEB2 expression (Figure 3F). These data suggested that ZEB2 expression was negatively correlated with the overall survival rate of BCa patients, which was opposite with miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p.

Figure 3. ZEB2 is the target of both miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p.

Figure 3

Open in a new tab

(A) Some target mRNAs of miR-454-3p or miR-374b-5p were searched using three online bioinformatics software (PITA, miRanda, picTar and TargetScan). The results were illustrated with the Venn diagrams. (B) The targets of both miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p were analyzed. (C) The binding sequence between miR-374b-5p and ZEB2 as well as between miR-454-3p and ZEB2 was predicted using prediction tool miRanda. (D) Dual luciferase reporter assays were conducted in HEK-293T cells to further demonstrate the combination between miR-374b-5p and ZEB2 or between miR-454-3p and ZEB2. (E) The expression level of ZEB2 was examined in BCa tissues and adjacent normal tissues with qRT-PCR. (F) The correlation between ZEB2 expression and the OS of BCa patients was analyzed. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with control group. Abbreviation: N.S, no significance.

ZEB2 was negatively regulated by miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p

The regulatory effect of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p on ZEB2 expression was detected. At first, the negative expression correlation between miR-454-3p and ZEB2 as well as between miR-374b-5p and ZEB2 were analyzed with Spearman’s correlation analysis (Figure 4A,B). Moreover, qRT-PCR examination revealed that ZEB2 was highly expressed in BCa cells (Figure 4C). The mRNA level and protein level of ZEB2 were found to be markedly reduced in two BCa cell lines transfected with miR-454-3p mimics and miR-374b-5p mimcis (Figure 4D,E).

Figure 4. ZEB2 was negatively regulated by miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p.

Figure 4

Open in a new tab

(A,B) The expression association between miR-454-3p and ZEB2 as well as between miR-374b-5p and ZEB2 was separately analyzed with Spearman’s correlation analysis. (C) The expression level of ZE2 was tested both in normal bladder epithelial cell and six BCa cells. (D,E) The mRNA levels and protein levels of ZEB2 were tested with Western blot assay in two BCa cell lines which were transfected with miR-454-3p mimics or miR-374b-5p mimics. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with control group.

MiR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p inhibited cell migration, invasion, and EMT process in BCa by targetting ZEB2

To determine whether miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p exert tumor suppressive functions in BCa through targetting ZEB2, we designed and conducted rescue assays. As illustrated in Figure 5A,B, the decreased levels of ZEB2 caused by miR-454-3p mimics or miR-374b-5p mimics were rescued by ZEB2 over-expression. According to the results of Transwell assays, decreased invasion and migration caused by miR-454-3p mimics or miR-374b-5p mimics were rescued by ZEB2 over-expression (Figure 5C,D). Similarly, EMT progress inhibited by miR-454-3p mimics or miR-374b-5p mimics were reversed by ZEB2 over-expression (Figure 5E). Finally, the mechanism diagram of the present study was illustrated in Figure 5F.

Figure 5. MiR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p inhibited cell migration, invasion, and EMT process in BCa progression by targetting ZEB2.

Figure 5

Open in a new tab

(A,B) The mRNA and protein levels of ZEB2 were examined in BCa cells which were co-transfected with miR-454-3p mimics + pcDNA-ZEB2 or miR-374b-5p mimics + pcDNA-ZEB2. (C,D) Transwell assays were conducted to detect the migration and invasion abilities of BCa cells after co-transfection of miR-454-3p mimics + pcDNA-ZEB2 or miR-374b-5p mimics + pcDNA-ZEB2. (E) Western blot assay tested the levels of EMT-related proteins in BCa cells after co-transfection of miR-454-3p mimics + pcDNA-ZEB2 or miR-374b-5p mimics + pcDNA-ZEB2. (F) The mechanism diagram of the present study was generated and shown. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with control group.

Discussion

Over the past decades, increasing number of miRNAs have been studied in various human cancers due to their dysregulation and biological functions. Although the molecular mechanisms involved in BCa progression have been gradually explored, novel biomarkers still need to be investigated. According to previous studies, miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p are two tumor suppressors in human cancers. However, the role of them in BCa progression is still unknown. In the present study, we investigated the roles of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p in BCa. First, the expression patterns of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p in matched tissues and cell lines were detected with qRT-PCR analysis. As a result, both of them were markedly down-regulated in BCa tissues and cell lines. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to analyze whether the expression levels of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p are correlated with the OS of BCa patients. Interestingly, the levels of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p were positively related with the OS rate of BCa patients. Hereto, the prognostic importance of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p for BCa patients was identified.

Increasing findings have showed that miRNAs regulate various biological processes in human cancers [24–28]. Here, we further investigated whether miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p affected migration and invasion of BCa cell lines. MiR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p were first overexpressed with miRNA mimics for gain-of-function experiments. The inhibitory effects of miR-454-3p mimics and miR-374b-5p mimics on migration and invasion were proved through conducting Transwell assays. Meanwhile, the levels of EMT-related proteins were examined by applying Western blot assay. According to the result of Western blot assay, we confirmed that miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p reversed EMT progress. Therefore, miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p were identified to be two tumor suppressors in BCa by negatively affecting invasion and migration of BCa cells.

MiRNAs commonly exert their functions through targetting 3′-UTR of their target genes [29–31]. Therefore, it is necessary to find the underlying molecular mechanism of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p. After bioinformatics analysis, 17 common target genes of miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p were found. Amongst all these potential target genes, only ZEB2 was demonstrated to promote cell invasion, migration, and EMT progress in human malignant tumors [32–35]. Thus, ZEB2 was chosen to do further analysis. Dual luciferase reporter assay further certified the binding relation between miR-454-3p and ZEB2 as well as between and miR-374b-5p and ZEB2. The expression levels of ZEB2 were also tested in bladder tissue and tumors. As expected, ZEB2 was strongly expressed in BCa tissues. Likewise, we applied Kaplan–Meier analysis to analyze the correlation between ZEB2 expression and the OS of BCa patients. High expression of ZEB2 was found to be a poor prognostic factor for BCa patients. Through Spearman’s correlation analysis, the negative relevance between miR-454-3p and ZEB2 as well as between miR-374b-5p and ZEB2 was analyzed. The results of qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis further proved that miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p negatively regulated ZEB2. According to the result of rescue assays, we concluded that miR-454-3p and miR-374b-5p negatively affected invasion and migration of BCa cells through targetting ZEB2. All findings in the present study may be helpful to find novel therapeutic targets for BCa.

Supporting information

Supplemental Table.

Open in a new tab

Acknowledgments

We thank all the laboratory members.

Abbreviations

BCa

bladder cancer

EMT

epithelial–mesenchymal transition

OS

overall survival

ZEB2

zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2

miR-454-3p

microRNA-454-3p

miR-374b-5p

microRNA-374b-5p

miRNA

microRNA

qRT-PCR

Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction

Competing interests

The authors declare that there are no competing interests associated with the manuscript.

Author contribution

This manuscript was drafted by S.W. All authors participated in the article revision. S.W. was responsible for the experimental design. Other co-authors provided valuable suggestion sfor experimental design. The experiments were conducted by all authors. G.Z. and W.Z. were responsible for the data collection. The experimental procedures were recorded by Q.X., D.W., Y.Z., and J.Y.

Funding

This work was supported by the Military Medical Innovation Project [grant number 16CXZ023]; the Scientific Innovative Project of Shaanxi Province [grant number 2012KTCL03-03]; the Collaborative Innovation Projects of Shaanxi Province [grant number 2015XT-53]; and the Xijing Hospital Subject Booster Plan Translational Medicine Research Projects [grant number XJZT13Z05].

References

  • 1.Antoni S. et al. (2017) Bladder cancer incidence and mortality: a global overview and recent trends. Eur. Urol. 71, 96–108 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.06.010 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 2.Stein J.P. et al. (2001) Radical cystectomy in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer: long-term results in 1,054 patients. J. Clin. Oncol. 19, 666–675 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.3.666 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Shah J.B., McConkey D.J. and Dinney C.P. (2011) New strategies in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: on the road to personalized medicine. Clin. Cancer Res. 17, 2608–2612 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2770 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 4.Lewis B.P., Burge C.B. and Bartel D.P. (2005) Conserved seed pairing, often flanked by adenosines, indicates that thousands of human genes are microRNA targets. Cell 120, 15–20 10.1016/j.cell.2004.12.035 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Braicu C. et al. (2015) Clinical and pathological implications of miRNA in bladder cancer. Int. J. Nanomedicine 10, 791–800 10.2147/IJN.S72904 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 6.Shi H.B. et al. (2017) Diagnostic significance of microRNAs as novel biomarkers for bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of ten articles. World J. Surg. Oncol. 15, 147 10.1186/s12957-017-1201-9 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Xie Y. et al. (2017) MicroRNAs with prognostic significance in bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci. Rep. 7, 5619 10.1038/s41598-017-05801-3 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Hu X. et al. (2018) miRNA-103a-3p promotes human gastric cancer cell proliferation by targeting and suppressing ATF7 in vitro. Mol. Cells, 41, 390–400 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 9.Zhong J. et al. (2018) MicroRNA195 inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting defective in cullin neddylation 1 domain containing 1 in cervical cancer. Int. J. Mol. Med., 42, 779–788 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [Retracted]
  • 10.Luo C. et al. (2018) microRNA-501-3p suppresses metastasis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through targeting LIN7A. Cell Death Dis. 9, 535 10.1038/s41419-018-0577-y [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 11.Salem M. et al. (2018) miRNA-590-3p promotes ovarian cancer growth and metastasis via a novel FOXA2-versican pathway. Cancer Res., 78, 4175–4190 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-3014 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 12.Liao G. et al. (2018) MicroRNA539 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of bladder cancer cells by regulating IGF1R. Mol. Med. Rep. 17, 4917–4924 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 13.Wang H. et al. (2017) miR-143 inhibits bladder cancer cell proliferation and enhances their sensitivity to gemcitabine by repressing IGF-1R signaling. Oncol. Lett. 13, 435–440 10.3892/ol.2016.5388 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 14.Guo J. et al. (2017) MicroRNA-223-3p inhibits human bladder cancer cell migration and invasion. Tumour Biol. 39, 1010428317691678 10.1177/1010428317691678 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 15.Luan T. et al. (2018) Hsa-miR-3658 promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion by effecting LASS2 in bladder cancer. Clin. Lab. 64, 515–525 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2017.171026 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 16.Liu X., Kong C. and Zhang Z. (2018) miR-130b promotes bladder cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting VGLL4. Oncol. Rep. 39, 2324–2332 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 17.Zhang L. et al. (2018) miR-202 inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting EGFR in human bladder cancer. Oncol. Res., 26, 949–957 10.3727/096504018X15149787144385 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 18.Shao N. et al. (2015) Plasma miR-454-3p as a potential prognostic indicator in human glioma. Neurol. Sci. 36, 309–313 10.1007/s10072-014-1938-7 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 19.Wu X. et al. (2014) Down-regulation of BTG1 by miR-454-3p enhances cellular radiosensitivity in renal carcinoma cells. Radiat. Oncol. 9, 179 10.1186/1748-717X-9-179 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 20.Bao X. et al. (2017) Knockdown of long non-coding RNA HOTAIR increases miR-454-3p by targeting Stat3 and Atg12 to inhibit chondrosarcoma growth. Cell Death Dis. 8, e2605 10.1038/cddis.2017.31 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 21.Li G.C. et al. (2018) MicroRNA-374b inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis through the p38/ERK signaling pathway by binding to JAM-2. J. Cell. Physiol. 233, 7379–7390 10.1002/jcp.26574 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 22.Qu R. et al. (2018) MicroRNA-374b reduces the proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cells by regulation of LRH-1/Wnt signaling. Gene 642, 354–361 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.019 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 23.Qian D. et al. (2015) MicroRNA-374b suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma by repressing AKT1 and Wnt-16. Clin. Cancer Res. 21, 4881–4891 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-2947 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 24.Guarnieri A.L. et al. (2018) The miR-106b-25 cluster mediates breast tumor initiation through activation of NOTCH1 via direct repression of NEDD4L. Oncogene, 37, 3879–3893 10.1038/s41388-018-0239-7 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 25.Xu Q. et al. (2018) MicroRNA-876-5p inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting BCL6 corepressor like 1. Biomed. Pharmacother. 103, 645–652 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.037 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 26.Liu X. et al. (2018) MiR-490-3p functions as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting oncogene VDAC1 expression in colorectal cancer. J. Cancer 9, 1218–1230 10.7150/jca.23662 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 27.Guo Y. et al. (2018) Down-regulation of miR-373 increases the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells by targeting TIMP2. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 99, 203–210 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.04.014 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 28.Zhang N. et al. (2018) MicroRNA-197 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion through the downregulation of HIPK2 in lung adenocarcinoma. J. Genet. 47, 47–53 10.1007/s12041-018-0881-4 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 29.Li B. et al. (2017) MicroRNA-377 suppresses initiation and progression of esophageal cancer by inhibiting CD133 and VEGF. Oncogene 36, 3986–4000 10.1038/onc.2017.29 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 30.Yi H. et al. (2017) The miR-487b-3p/GRM3/TGFbeta signaling axis is an important regulator of colon cancer tumorigenesis. Oncogene 36, 3477–3489 10.1038/onc.2016.499 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 31.Li J. et al. (2016) Downregulated miR-506 expression facilitates pancreatic cancer progression and chemoresistance via SPHK1/Akt/NF-kappaB signaling. Oncogene 35, 5501–5514 10.1038/onc.2016.90 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 32.Zhang Y. et al. (2018) LDH-Apromotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by upregulating ZEB2 in intestinal-type gastric cancer. Onco Targets Ther. 11, 2363–2373 10.2147/OTT.S163570 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 33.Li M.Z. et al. (2017) ZEB2 promotes tumor metastasis and correlates with poor prognosis of human colorectal cancer. Am. J. Transl. Res. 9, 2838–2851 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 34.Wang Y. et al. (2017) MiR-204/ZEB2 axis functions as key mediator for MALAT1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. Tumour Biol. 39, 1010428317690998 10.1177/1010428317690998 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 35.Hashiguchi Y. et al. (2018) Tumor-suppressive roles of DeltaNp63beta-miR-205 axis in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of oral squamous cell carcinoma via targeting ZEB1 and ZEB2. J. Cell. Physiol. 233, 6565–6577 10.1002/jcp.26267 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Bioscience Reports are provided here courtesy of Portland Press Ltd

RESOURCES