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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hepatology. 2019 Mar 20;69(4):1816–1827. doi: 10.1002/hep.30325

Figure 1. HBV life cycle.

Figure 1.

The major steps in HBV life cycle including entry, de-envelopment, cccDNA formation, mRNA transcription, protein translation, pgRNA encapsidation, DNA replication, viral particle assembly and secretion are shown. See text for details. (Abbreviations: NTCP: sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide; rcDNA: relaxed circular DNA; cccDNA: covalently closed circular DNA; pgRNA: pregenomic RNA; ssDNA: single-stranded DNA; dslDNA: double-stranded linear DNA; pol: polymerase; L: large surface protein; M: middle surface protein; S: small surface protein; HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; HBeAg: hepatitis B e antigen; HBx: hepatitis B X protein; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; MVB: multivesicular body.)