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. 2019 Apr 1;7:53. doi: 10.1186/s40168-019-0672-z

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Impact of season and human occupancy on the airborne DNA and RNA viral community structure. a, b Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) biplots of a DNA and b RNA viruses based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarities. Blue arrows indicate positive correlations and red arrows indicate negative correlations between the abundances of specific viruses and the dissimilarity matrix. The arrow length indicates the relative strength of the correlation. Results of Permutation Analysis of Variance (ADONIS function in R vegan package) are shown in the box inset. c, d Boxplots showing levels of beta dispersion by season and when the center was closed for c DNA and d RNA viruses, respectively. No statistical differences in the overall beta dispersion for DNA (permutation test, p = 0.07) or RNA (permutation test, p = 0.46) were detected among seasons