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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 15.
Published in final edited form as: Neuroscience. 2018 Jul 29;388:239–247. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.038

Figure 1. Schematic of VNS-tone paring paradigm and experimental groups.

Figure 1.

With each 500 ms tone presentation, a 30 Hz, 500 ms train of electrical stimulation consisting of 100 μs biphasic pulses at varied intensities was delivered to the left vagus nerve via a cuff electrode. VNS paradigms were ‘Fast’ (50 pairings of 400 μA VNS delivered every 30 s); ‘Dispersed’ (50 pairings of 400 μA VNS delivered every 180 s); or ‘Standard’ (300 pairings of 800 μA VNS delivered every 30 s). Rats received VNS paired with a 9 kHz, 50 dB tone for 20 days.