Table 3.
Humanized mouse models for viral infections.
| S.No | Virus | Mouse Model | Humanization | Application | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | HIV | Hu-PBL-SCID mice | SCID mice populated with human peripheral blood leukocytes | HIV infection, replication and pathogenesis | [16] |
| HSCs-BLT mice, NOD-SCID BLT and NSG-BLT. | HSCs-mice engrafted and bone liver/thymus | Human disease pathogenesis, retroviral spread and restored CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers on ART treatment | [43,44,45,46,47,48] | ||
| C57BL/6 Rag2−/− γc −/−CD47−/− triple knockout (TKO)-BLT mouse. | Xenotransplantation with human immune system | HIV-latency | [50] | ||
| NOD/ SCID (NS), NOD/SCID IL2rgc−/− (NSG) or NOD/Rag1−/− IL2rgc−/− (NRG) | Reconstitution of different types of human tissues | Treatment of systemic HIV infection with ART and HIV latency | [45,46,47,48] | ||
| 2. | Influenza | C57BL/10SgAiRag2−/−γc−/− mice. | Humanized with huPBMCs | Vaccine based studies and therapeutics for human pathogens | [93] |
| DRAGA mouse; HLA-A2. HLADR4. Rag1KO. IL-2Rgc KO. NOD. | Humanized with functional human immune system | Anti-influenza monoclonal antibodies | [97] | ||
| NOD/Shi-SCID-IL2rγnull (NOG). | Humanized with huPBMCs. | Evaluating vaccine safety | [99] | ||
| 3. | Dengue | RAG2−/−γc−/− mice | Xenografted with human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells | Antibody responses against DENV | [119] |
| NOD-SCID IL2rγ null | Transplanation of purified cord blood CD34+ cells | To demonstrate differences in the virulence of different DENV-2 strains | [120] | ||
| HIS BLT-NOD/SCID mice | Human immune system | Preclinical testing of antiviral drugs against dengue | [127] |