Figure 4.

Total number of individuals (a) and means (± SE) of left hind tibia length (b) of M. raptorellus and P. vindemmiae parasitoids that emerged from D. suzukii pupae at various clutch sizes in raspberries under laboratory conditions. Controls were M. raptorellus that emerged from M. domestica pupae and P. vindemmiae that emerged from D. suzukii pupae used in the rearing colony. Asterisks above bars in panel (a) indicate male: female ratios different than 1:1 for each clutch size (Chi-square, p < 0.05), and bars with the same letter in panel (b) are not significantly different (M. raptorellus: Kruskal–Wallis post-hoc Dunn’s test p < 0.05; P. vindemmiae: Student’s t-test, p < 0.05) for each sex and parasitoid species. Numbers in bars in panel (b) are the individuals measured.