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. 2019 Mar 16;8(3):253. doi: 10.3390/cells8030253

Figure 6.

Figure 6

UDCA decreases TLR4 and NF-κB signaling pathways-mediated inflammation in ob/ob mice. Normal and ob/ob mice were treated with or without 50 mg/kg UDCA for 14 days. (A) Immunohistochemical staining of TLR4 and NF-κB in the liver. Red arrow highlights the positive staining. Scale bars, 200µm. (B) Western blot analysis of NF-κB, p-STAT3, and STAT3 protein levels in liver. qRT-PCR analysis of (C) Socs1, Socs3, Stat3, (D) Il-6, Il-10, and Tnfα mRNA expression in liver. In all panels, results are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M. of five independent experiments, and statistical significance of differences between means was assessed using an unpaired Student’s t-test (* p ≤ 0.05; normal vs. ob/ob. # p ≤ 0.05; ob/ob vs. ob/ob + UDCA). TLR4, Toll-like receptors 4; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; p-STAT3, phosphorylation signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; Socs, suppressor of cytokine signaling; Il, interleukin; Tnf, tumor necrosis factor.