Table 3.
Multivariate adjusted average of skin health parameters according to quartiles of dietary pattern scores †.
| Q1 (n = 21) | Q2 (n = 21) | Q3 (n = 21) | Q4 (n = 21) | p for Trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | ||
| DP1 | |||||||||
| Sebum (μg/cm2) | |||||||||
| Model 1 | 141.2 | (122.6, 159.8) | 139.9 | (123.0, 156.7) | 149.3 | (132.4, 166.2) | 149.3 | (130.9, 167.8) | 0.459 |
| Model 2 | 144.6 | (125.0, 164.2) | 139.1 | (121.9, 156.3) | 148.6 | (131.4, 165.9) | 147.4 | (127.9, 166.9) | 0.708 |
| Skin hydration | |||||||||
| Model 1 | 63.8 | (60.0, 67.6) | 64.7 | (61.2, 68.1) | 63.4 | (60.0, 66.9) | 64.5 | (60.7, 68.3) | 0.935 |
| Model 2 | 63.5 | (59.6, 67.4) | 64.0 | (60.6, 67.4) | 64.0 | (60.6, 67.4) | 64.9 | (61.1, 68.8) | 0.662 |
| Skin pH | |||||||||
| Model 1 | 5.17 | (4.96, 5.39) | 5.18 | (4.99, 5.38) | 5.27 | (5.07, 5.46) | 5.31 | (5.09, 5.52) | 0.359 |
| Model 2 | 5.11 | (4.90, 5.33) | 5.18 | (4.99, 5.38) | 5.24 | (5.05, 5.44) | 5.39 | (5.17, 5.61) | 0.106 |
| DP2 | |||||||||
| Sebum (μg/cm2) | |||||||||
| Model 1 | 154.0 | (136.8, 171.3) | 147.0 | (129.9, 164.0) | 130.5 | (114.1, 146.9) | 148.2 | (129.6, 166.8) | 0.379 |
| Model 2 | 155.7 | (138.1, 173.2) | 145.3 | (127.7, 162.9) | 130.6 | (113.7, 147.5) | 148.2 | (129.6, 166.9) | 0.346 |
| Skin hydration | |||||||||
| Model 1 | 66.9 | (63.4, 70.3) | 65.4 | (62.0, 68.8) | 64.2 | (60.9, 67.5) | 60.0 | (56.2, 63.7) | 0.017 * |
| Model 2 | 66.1 | (62.7, 69.6) | 66.7 | (63.2, 70.2) | 63.2 | (59.8, 66.6) | 60.4 | (56.7, 64.1) | 0.028 * |
| Skin pH | |||||||||
| Model 1 | 5.15 | (4.95, 5.35) | 5.33 | (5.13, 5.53) | 5.15 | (4.96, 5.34) | 5.31 | (5.09, 5.52) | 0.516 |
| Model 2 | 5.17 | (4.97, 5.37) | 5.32 | (5.12, 5.53) | 5.16 | (4.97, 5.35) | 5.28 | (5.06, 5.49) | 0.708 |
| DP3 | |||||||||
| Sebum (μg/cm2) | |||||||||
| Model 1 | 153.8 | (137.2, 170.5) | 145.8 | (129.2, 162.5) | 141.0 | (124.3, 157.6) | 139.1 | (122.5, 155.7) | 0.190 |
| Model 2 | 154.7 | (138.0, 171.5) | 148.0 | (130.9, 165.0) | 141.8 | (125.1, 158.4) | 135.3 | (117.7, 152.8) | 0.104 |
| Skin hydration | |||||||||
| Model 1 | 64.5 | (61.1, 67.9) | 63.2 | (59.8, 66.6) | 64.5 | (61.1, 68.0) | 64.2 | (60.8, 67.6) | 0.940 |
| Model 2 | 64.7 | (61.4, 68.1) | 62.4 | (59.0, 65.8) | 64.9 | (61.6, 68.3) | 64.4 | (60.8, 67.9) | 0.895 |
| Skin pH | |||||||||
| Model 1 | 5.32 | (5.14, 5.51) | 5.33 | (5.14, 5.51) | 5.21 | (5.02, 5.39) | 5.08 | (4.89, 5.26) | 0.045 * |
| Model 2 | 5.29 | (5.10, 5.48) | 5.32 | (5.13, 5.51) | 5.18 | (5.00, 5.37) | 5.13 | (4.93, 5.33) | 0.186 |
| DP4 | |||||||||
| Sebum (μg/cm2) | |||||||||
| Model 1 | 129.8 | (113.8, 145.8) | 144.8 | (128.9, 160.7) | 141.2 | (125.3, 157.1) | 163.9 | (148.0, 179.9) | 0.008 ** |
| Model 2 | 129.0 | (112.0, 145.9) | 146.8 | (130.7, 163.0) | 138.8 | (122.7, 154.9) | 165.2 | (148.1, 182.2) | 0.018 * |
| Skin hydration | |||||||||
| Model 1 | 65.7 | (62.3, 69.0) | 63.6 | (60.3, 67.0) | 61.9 | (58.5, 65.2) | 65.3 | (61.9, 68.6) | 0.713 |
| Model 2 | 65.4 | (61.8, 68.9) | 63.7 | (60.3, 67.0) | 62.2 | (58.9, 65.6) | 65.2 | (61.6, 68.7) | 0.785 |
| Skin pH | |||||||||
| Model 1 | 5.07 | (4.88, 5.25) | 5.22 | (5.03, 5.40) | 5.34 | (5.15, 5.52) | 5.31 | (5.13, 5.50) | 0.045 * |
| Model 2 | 5.08 | (4.88, 5.27) | 5.17 | (4.98, 5.35) | 5.35 | (5.16, 5.54) | 5.34 | (5.14, 5.53) | 0.039 * |
DP, dietary pattern; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01; † Analysis of general linear model was performed using a linear trend test across quartiles of dietary pattern scores (Q1–Q4). Model 1 was adjusted only for energy intake. Model 2 was adjusted for Model 1 + sex, age, body mass index, smoking and physical activity.