Table 4.

Energy expenditure, energy balance, and respiratory exchange ratio during the three study days (n = 9).

Time of Day	Low_PA		Middle_PA		High_PA		p	Low vs. Mid PA	Low vs. High PA	Mid vs. High PA
Enery expenditure (kcal)	mean ± SD	95% CI	mean ± SD	95% CI	mean ± SD	95% CI		95% CI	95% CI	95% CI
9:00–13:29 (Morining–before Lunch)	388 ± 35 *,#	361, 414	539 ± 54 &	497, 580	912 ± 127	814, 1010	<0.001	120, 182	414, 635	268, 480
13:30–19:29 (Lunch–before Dinner)	489 ± 56 *,#	445, 532	682 ± 82 &	619, 745	1244 ± 184	1102, 1386	<0.001	147, 240	592, 919	431, 692
19:30–23:59 (Dinner–before bed)	427 ± 46	392, 463	414 ± 55	372, 457	440 ± 64	391, 489	0.111	−48, 23	13, 39	−14, 66
0:00–7:59 (Sleep)	526 ± 64	477, 575	520 ± 59	475, 566	547 ± 80	485, 608	0.158	−37, 26	−17, 58	−25, 77
Respiratory exchange ratio	mean ± SD	95% CI	mean ± SD	95% CI	mean ± SD	95% CI		95% CI	95% CI	95% CI
24-h RER	0.883 ± 0.034 *,#	0.858, 0.909	0.865 ± 0.034	0.839, 0.892	0.857 ± 0.025	0.838, 0.877	<0.001	−0.031, −0.006	−0.045, −0.007	−0.022, 0.006
9:00–13:29 (Morining–before Lunch)	0.844 ± 0.034	0.818, 0.871	0.835 ± 0.030 &	0.812, 0.859	0.855 ± 0.024	0.836, 0.874	0.004	−0.025, 0.007	−0.006, 0.027	0.007, 0.033
13:30–19:29 (Lunch–before Dinner)	0.872 ± 0.030	0.848, 0.895	0.861 ± 0.031	0.837, 0.885	0.856 ± 0.021	0.839, 0.872	0.022	−0.027, 0.005	−0.033, 0.001	−0.02, −0.009
19:30–23:59 (Dinner–before bed)	0.891 ± 0.036 #	0.863, 0.919	0.884 ± 0.036 &	0.856, 0.912	0.859 ± 0.035	0.831, 0.886	<0.001	−0.019, 0.005	−0.050, −0.015	−0.038, −0.012
0:00–7:59 (Sleep)	0.912 ± 0.046 #	0.876, 0.947	0.884 ± 0.055	0.841, 0.926	0.863 ± 0.037	0.835, 0.892	0.002	−0.060, 0.004	−0.082, −0.014	−0.056, 0.016

The Bonferroni post hoc test was applied. * p < 0.05 for Low vs. Mid; ^# p < 0.05 for Low vs. High; and ^& p < 0.05 for Mid vs. High-PA.