Tracheophyte of Xiao Hinggan Ling in China: an updated checklist

Abstract Abstract

Background

This paper presents an updated list of tracheophytes of Xiao Hinggan Ling. The list includes 124 families, 503 genera and 1640 species (Containing subspecific units), of which 569 species (Containing subspecific units), 56 genera and 6 families represent first published records for Xiao Hinggan Ling. The aim of the present study is to document an updated checklist by reviewing the existing literature, browsing the website of National Specimen Information Infrastructure and additional data obtained in our research over the past ten years.

This paper presents an updated list of tracheophytes of Xiao Hinggan Ling. The list includes 124 families, 503 genera and 1640 species (Containing subspecific units), of which 569 species (Containing subspecific units), 56 genera and 6 families represent first published records for Xiao Hinggan Ling. The aim of the present study is to document an updated checklist by reviewing the existing literature, browsing the website of National Specimen Information Infrastructure and additional data obtained in our research over the past ten years.

New information

This is the first complete checklist of tracheophytes of Xiao Hinggan Ling. A total of 1640 species and subspecies are listed, of which 569 species (ontaining subspecific units) represent first published records.

Introduction

Xiao Hinggan Ling is located in the north of Heilongjiang Province, China. It is a part of the low mountains and lava platforms in northeast China. It is an important part of the Hinggan Ling in northeast Asia. This area intersects with the remnants of the Da Hinggan Ling, the Northeast Plain and the Changbaishan Mountains. The floristic composition of Xiao Hinggan Ling is complex, and the plant species are diverse in Xiao Hinggan Ling. Typical zonal vegetation types in the region are broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest and Korean pine forest. The broad-leaved coniferous forest in the Xiao Hinggan Ling region of northeast in China is a very important timber resource (Cao and Li 2007). Xiao Hinggan Ling areas have the world's largest virgin forest of Pinus koraiensis, known as "The Home Of Korean Pine" (Wu et al. 2013).

The catalogue of tracheophyte published in 2007 (in “Floristics and Distribution of Plants in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China”) includes 1161 species belonging to 439 genera and 114 families (Cao and Li 2007). Among them, there are 59 species belonging to 30 genera and 14 families of clubmosses and ferns, 12 species belonging to 6 genera and 3 families of gymnosperms, and 1000 species belonging to 411 genera and 101 families of angiosperms. This old Checklist is mainly based on the specimen information and plant investigation and collection records of The Herbarium of Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IFP). In recent years, China has built a unified platform, the National Specimen Resource Platform of China (NSII) (NSII 2016) integrating digital specimen information in the whole country. The number of plant specimens in NSII was about 24 times that of IFP, reaching 10.42 million. We collect all the tracheophyte specimen information from Xiao Hinggan Ling on NSII and other materials and surveyed the region for more than 10 years. Now we present a new checklist of tracheophyte in Xiao Hinggan Ling.

Materials and methods

The data presented in the checklist are based primarily on the results of field survey for more than 10 years and published information concerning NSII, field plant survey (a list of records and plant photos), “Floristics and distribution of plants in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China” (Cao and Li 2007), The International Plant Names Index (IPNI) (http://www.ipni.org/index.html) and Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (GBIF 2014), the newl recorded and new species are obtained from the published taxonomic articles in recent ten years (e.g., Zheng and Cao 2013, Zheng and Pan 2012, Ma 2013, Ma 2014, Wang et al. 2013), and Flora of China (FOC 2013), Species Catalogue of China (Zhu et al. 2015). Scientific name in the original data were transformed into the accepted name in the The Plant List (TPL database) (http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/about) by Taxonomic Name Resolution Service (TNRS) (http://tnrs.iplantcollaborative.org). Finally, we unified the classification system. PPGI system was used for Pteridophyte (PPG I 2016), Christenhusz system was used for gymnosperms (Christenhusz et al. 2010, Zhang 2017), and APGⅥ system was used for angiosperms (APG IV 2016) (Suppl. material 1).

Checklists

Newly recorded tracheophytes in Xiao Hinggan Ling

Athyrium fallaciosum

Milde

Onoclea sensibilis

L.

Pteridium aquilinum

(L.) Kuhn

Equisetum ramosissimum

Desf.

Ophioglossum vulgatum

L.

Ophioglossum thermale

Kom.

Dryopteris austriaca

(Jacq.) Woyn. ex Schinz & Thell.

Salvinia natans

(L.) All.

Abies holophylla

Maxim.

Larix gmeliniivar.principis-rupprechtii

(Mayr) Pilg.

Picea koyamae

Shiras.

Picea obovata

Ledeb.

Pinus armandii

Franch.

Pinus densiflora

Siebold & Zucc.

Acorus calamus

L.

Alisma gramineum

Lej.

Sagittaria trifolia

L.

Butomus umbellatus

L.

Najas minor

All.

Potamogeton octandrusvar.mizuhikimo

(Makino) H.Hara

Potamogeton oxyphyllus

Miq.

Potamogeton perfoliatus

L.

Potamogeton polygonifolius

Pourr.

Potamogeton pusillus

L.

Anethum graveolens

L.

Cnidium dauricum

(Jacq.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

Eriocycla albescensvar.latifolia

Shan et Yuan

Osmorhiza aristata

Makino & Jabe

Ostericum sieboldiivar.praeteritum

(Kitag.) Y. Huei Huang

Pleurospermum uralense

Hoffm.

Angelica amurensis

Schischk.

Angelica cartilaginomarginata

(Makino ex Y.Yabe) Nakai

Angelica decursiva

(Miq.) Franch. & Sav.

Angelica gigas

Nakai

Angelica nakaiana

(Kitag.) Pimenov

Angelica polymorpha

Maxim.

Anthriscus sylvestris

(L.) Hoffm.

Bupleurum angustissimum

(Franch.) Kitag.

Bupleurum bicaule

Helm

Carlesia sinensis

Dunn

Heracleum hemsleyanum

Diels

Heracleum lanatum

Michx.

Oenanthe javanica rosthornii

(Diels) F.T. Pu

Peucedanum terebinthaceumvar.deltoideum

(Makino ex K. Yabe) Makino

Sanicula tuberculata

Maxim.

Aralia continentalis

Kitag.

Panax pseudoginseng

Wall.

Panax quinquefolius

L.

Allium anisopodium

Ledeb.

Allium leucocephalum

Turcz. ex Ledeb.

Allium przewalskianum

Regel

Allium sacculiferum

Maxim.

Allium schoenoprasum

L.

Allium thunbergii

G.Don

Asparagus dauricus

Fisch. ex Link

Asparagus trichophyllus

Bunge

Convallaria majalis

L.

Polygonatum odoratumvar.pluriflorum

(Miq.) Ohwi

Polygonatum odoratumvar.thunbergii

(C.Morren & Decne.) H.Hara

Polygonatum stenophyllum

Maxim.

Hemerocallis citrina

Baroni

Hemerocallis fulva

(L.) L.

Iris setosa

Pall. ex Link

Iris ventricosa

Pall.

Epipactis xanthophaea

Schltr.

Epipactis helleborine

(L.) Crantz

Cypripedium shanxiense

S. C. Chen

Habenaria linearifolia

Maxim.

Nabalus tatarinowii

(Maxim.) Nakai

Ligularia sachalinensis

Nakai

Parasenecio firmus

(Kom.) Y.L.Chen

Parasenecio hastatusvar.glaber

(Ledeb.) Y.L.Chen

Picris hieracioides japonica

(Thunb.) Krylov

Saussurea chinnampoensis

H.Lév. & Vaniot

Saussurea elongata

DC.

Saussurea maximowiczii

Herder

Saussurea sclerolepis

Nakai & Kitag.

Saussurea stoliczkae

C.B.Clarke

Saussurea tenerifolia

Kitag.

Saussurea tomentosa

Kom.

Saussurea ussuriensis

Maxim.

Scorzonera austriaca

Willd.

Senecio ambraceus

Turcz. ex DC.

Senecio cannabifoliusvar.integrifolius

(Koidz.) Kitam.

Serratula cupuliformis

Nakai & Kitag.

Serratula marginata

Tausch

Serratula polycephala

Iljin

Solidago decurrens

Lour.

Sonchus transcaspicus

Nevski

Taraxacum asiaticum

Dahlst.

Taraxacum mongolicum

Hand.-Mazz.

Taraxacum platypecidum

Diels

Taraxacum sinicum

Kitag.

Tephroseris kirilowii

(Turcz. ex DC.) Holub

Tephroseris palustris

(L.) Rchb.

Tephroseris phaeantha

(Nakai) C.Jeffrey & Y.L.Chen

Tripleurospermum limosum

(Maxim.) Pobed.

Adenophora capillaris paniculata

(Nannf.) D.Y.Hong & S.Ge

Adenophora grandiflora

Nakai

Adenophora palustris

Kom.

Adenophora polyantha

Nakai

Adenophora stenanthina

(Ledeb.) Kitag.

Adenophora stenophylla

Hemsl.

Campanula glomerata speciosa

(Hornem. ex Spreng.) Domin

Amblynotus rupestris

(Pall.) Popov

Eritrichium borealisinense

Kitag.

Myosotis laxa caespitosa

(Schultz) Hyl. ex Nordh.

Trigonotis peduncularisvar.amblyosepala

(Nakai & Kitag.) W.T. Wang

Arabidopsis lyrata kamchatica

(Fisch. ex DC.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz

Arabidopsis halleri

(L.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz

Stevenia cheiranthoides

DC.

Cardamine flexuosa

With.

Cardamine komarovii

Nakai

Cardamine parviflora

L.

Cardamine pratensis

L.

Dontostemon hispidus

Maxim.

Dontostemon micranthus

C.A.Mey.

Erysimum perofskianum

Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

Erysimum flavum

(Georgi) Bobrov

Lepidium apetalum

Willd.

Lepidium densiflorum

Schrad.

Corispermum macrocarpum

Bunge ex Maxim.

Corispermum elongatum

Bunge ex Maxim.

Amaranthus albus

L.

Amaranthus retroflexus

L.

Dysphania botrys

(L.) Mosyakin & Clemants

Stellaria cherleriae

(Fisch. ex Ser.) F.N. Williams

Stellaria bungeana

Fenzl

Cerastium arvense

L.

Dianthus repens

Willd.

Dianthus superbus

L.

Eremogone capillaris

(Poir.) Fenzl

Gypsophila oldhamiana

Miq.

Lychnis wilfordii

(Regel) Maxim.

Minuartia macrocarpavar.koreana

(Nakai) Hara

Pseudostellaria rupestris

(Turcz.) Pax

Silene baccifera

(L.) Roth

Silene foliosa

Maxim.

Silene jeniseensis

Willd.

Silene nocturnavar.brachypetala

(Robill. & Castagne ex DC.) Benth.

Stellaria graminea

L.

Limonium bicolor

(Bunge) Kuntze

Atraphaxis manshurica

Kitag.

Atraphaxis frutescens

(L.) K.Koch

Fallopia dentatoalata

(F.Schmidt) Holub

Persicaria maculosa

Gray

Persicaria vivipara

(L.) Ronse Decr.

Polygonum avicularevar.fusco-ochreatum

(Kom.) A.J.Li

Polygonum boreale

(Lange) Small

Polygonum foliosumvar.paludicola

(Makino) Kitam.

Polygonum kawagoeanum

Makino

Polygonum lapathifoliumvar.lanatum

(Roxb.) Steward

Polygonum maackianum

Regel

Polygonum muricatum

Meisn.

Polygonum ochreatum

L.

Polygonum patulum

M.Bieb.

Polygonum posumbu

Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

Polygonum rigidum

Skvortsov

Polygonum sibiricum

Laxm.

Polygonum trigonocarpum

(Makino) Kudô & Masam.

Rumex aquaticus

L.

Rumex crispus

L.

Rumex marschallianus

Rchb.

Rumex patientia

L.

Rumex stenophyllus

Ledeb.

Celastrus orbiculatus

Thunb.

Euonymus hamiltonianus

Wall.

Euonymus oxyphyllus

Miq.

Euonymus rehderianus

Loes.

Parnassia palustrisvar.multiseta

Ledeb.

Ceratophyllum demersum

L.

Linum baicalense

Juz.

Linum perenne

L.

Linum usitatissimum

L.

Alangium platanifolium

(Siebold & Zucc.) Harms

Deutzia baroniana

Diels

Deutzia parviflora

Bunge

Dioscorea oppositifolia

L.

Sambucus latipinna

Nakai

Sambucus sibirica

Nakai

Viburnum mongolicum

(Pall.) Rehder

Lonicera caerulea

L.

Lonicera ferdinandii

Franch.

Lonicera japonica

Thunb.

Lonicera nigra

L.

Lonicera subhispida

Nakai

Patrinia scabra

Bunge

Patrinia scabiosifolia

Link

Impatiens furcillata

Hemsl.

Polemonium caeruleum

L.

Androsace septentrionalis

L.

Lysimachia clethroides

Duby

Primula farinosa

L.

Primula matthioli

(L.) K.Richt.

Primula patens

E.A. Busch

Primula pumilio

Maxim.

Primula saxatilis

Kom.

Carpinus cordata

Blume

Ostryopsis davidiana

Decne.

Betula chinensis

Maxim.

Betula ovalifolia

Rupr.

Betula schmidtii

Regel

Melilotus dentatus

(Waldst. & Kit.) Pers.

Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora

Maxim.

Hedysarum vicioides

Turcz.

Hylodesmum oxyphyllum

(DC.) X.F. Gao

Melilotus albus

Medik.

Oxytropis hailarensis

Kitag.

Astragalus chinensis

L.f.

Astragalus complanatus

Bunge

Astragalus filiformis

(DC.) Poir.

Astragalus galactites

Pall.

Astragalus monbeigii

G.Simpson

Astragalus penduliflorus

Lam.

Desmodium oldhamii

Oliv.

Glycine max

(L.) Merr.

Lathyrus quinquenervius

(Miq.) Litv.

Lathyrus vaniotii

H.Lev.

Lespedeza cyrtobotrya

Miq.

Lespedeza floribunda

Bunge

Trifolium hybridum

L.

Trifolium pratense

L.

Vicia cracca

L.

Vicia multicaulis

Ledeb.

Vicia ohwiana

Hosok.

Vicia venosa

(Link) Maxim.

Vicia tenuifolia

Roth

Quercus dentata

Thunb.

Quercus wutaishanica

Mayr

Periploca sepium

Bunge

Cynanchum acutum sibiricum

(Willd.) Rech.f.

Gentiana caeruleogrisea

T.N.Ho

Gentiana scabravar.buergeri

(Miq.) Maxim. ex Franch. & Sav.

Gentiana zollingeri

Fawc.

Swertia perennis

L.

Galium platygalium

(Maxim.) Pobed.

Galium rubioides

L.

Galium spurium

L.

Galium trifloriforme

Kom.

Geranium dahuricumvar.paishanense

(Y.L.Chang) C.C.Huang & L.R.Xu

Geranium erianthum

DC.

Geranium koreanum

Kom.

Geranium krameri

Franch. & Sav.

Geranium transbaicalicum

Serg.

Geranium wilfordii

Maxim.

Phlomoides umbrosa

(Turcz.) Kamelin & Makhm.

Phlomoides maximowiczii

(Regel) Kamelin & Makhm.

Clinopodium chinense

(Benth.) Kuntze

Dracocephalum moldavica

L.

Dracocephalum ruyschiana

L.

Elsholtzia densa

Benth.

Elsholtzia splendens

Nakai ex F.Maek.

Isodon inflexus

(Thunb.) Kudô

Lamium album barbatum

(Siebold & Zucc.) Mennema

Leonurus macranthus

Maxim.

Leonurus sibiricus

L.

Leonurus sibiricus

L.

Lycopus lucidusvar.hirtus

Regel

Scutellaria moniliorhiza

Kom.

Scutellaria pekinensis

Maxim.

Scutellaria regelianavar.ikonnikovii

(Juz.) C.Y.Wu & H.W.Li

Scutellaria strigillosa

Hemsl.

Stachys riederivar.hispidula

(Regel) H.Hara

Stachys riederivar.japonica

(Miq.) H.Hara

Lindernia procumbens

(Krock.) Philcox

Syringa pubescens patula

(Palib.) M.C.Chang & X.L.Chen

Euphrasia amurensis

Freyn

Euphrasia pectinata simplex

(Freyn) Hong

Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum pubescens

(Bunge) Tsoong

Pedicularis verticillata

L.

Phryma leptostachyavar.oblongifolia

(Koidz.) Honda

Trapella sinensis

Oliv.

Callitriche hermaphroditica

L.

Linaria vulgaris

Mill.

Plantago depressa turczaninowii

(Ganesch.) Tzvelev

Pseudolysimachion linariifolium dilatatum

(Nakai & Kitag.) D.Y. Hong

Veronica daurica

Steven

Veronica rotunda

Nakai

Veronica spicata incana

(L.) Walters

Veronica stelleri

Pall. ex Link

Gagea pauciflora

(Turcz. ex Trautv.) Ledeb.

Gagea triflora

(Ledeb.) Schult. & Schult.f.

Lilium browniivar.viridulum

Baker

Lilium cernuum

Kom.

Lilium concolor

Salisb.

Smilax nipponica

Miq.

Smilax riparia

A.DC.

Arctous rubra

(Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Nakai

Arctous alpina

(L.) Nied.

Monotropastrum humile

(D.Don) H.Hara

Pyrola japonica

Klenze ex Alef.

Pyrola renifolia

Maxim.

Pyrola rotundifolia

L.

Pyrola tschanbaischanica

Y.L. Chou & Y.L. Chang

Rhododendron micranthum

Turcz.

Rhododendron mucronulatum

Turcz.

Euphorbia esulavar.cyparissioides

Boiss.

Euphorbia fischeriana

Steud.

Euphorbia hirta

L.

Euphorbia maculata

L.

Euphorbia pekinensis

Rupr.

Euphorbia pilosa

L.

Euphorbia sieboldiana

C.Morren & Decne.

Euphorbia thymifolia

L.

Phyllanthus ussuriensis

Rupr. & Maxim.

Phyllanthus urinaria

L.

Populus simonii

Carrière

Salix bebbiana

Sarg.

Salix caspica

Pall.

Salix forrestii

K.S.Hao

Salix microstachya

Turcz.

Salix miyabeana

Seemen

Salix rotundifolia

Trautv.

Salix starkeana

Willd.

Viola bangii

Rusby

Viola biflora

L.

Viola philippica

Cav.

Viola prionantha

Bunge

Viola rossii

Hemsl.

Trapa natansvar.bispinosa

(Roxb.) Makino

Trapa natans

L.

Grewia bilobavar.parviflora

(Bunge) Hand.-Mazz.

Tilia mongolica

Maxim.

Tilia platyphyllos

Scop.

Oenothera villosa

Thunb.

Oenothera biennis

L.

Epilobium amurense

Hausskn.

Epilobium angustifolium circumvagum

Mosquin

Epilobium ciliatum

Raf.

Epilobium minutiflorum

Hausskn.

Euryale ferox

Salisb.

Nymphaea nouchali

Burm.f.

Oxalis griffithii

Edgew. & Hook. f.

Oxalis stricta

L.

Lemna japonica

Landolt

Lemna turionifera

Landolt

Aristolochia manshuriensis

Kom.

Trichophorum pumilum

(Vahl) Schinz & Thell.

Bolboschoenus planiculmis

(F.Schmidt) T.V.Egorova

Bolboschoenus yagara

(Ohwi) Y.C.Yang & M.Zhan

Carex breviculmis

R.Br.

Carex callitrichosvar.nana

(H.Lév. & Vaniot) S.Yun Liang, L.K.Dai & Y.C.Tang

Carex gotoi

Ohwi

Carex jaluensis

Kom.

Carex kirganica

Kom.

Carex kobomugi

Ohwi

Carex korshinskyi

Kom.

Carex lanceolatavar.laxa

Ohwi

Carex lanceolatavar.subpediformis

Kük.

Carex lithophila

Turcz.

Carex maackii

Maxim.

Carex mollicula

Boott

Carex raddei

Kük.

Carex sedakowii

C.A.Mey. ex Meinsh.

Carex siderostictavar.pilosa

H.Lév. ex T.Koyama

Carex xyphium

Kom.

Cyperus amuricus

Maxim.

Cyperus microiria

Steud.

Eleocharis acicularis

(L.) Roem. & Schult.

Eleocharis geniculata

(L.) Roem. & Schult.

Eleocharis maximowiczii

Zinserl.

Eleocharis retroflexa chaetaria

(Roem. & Schult.) T.Koyama

Fimbristylis squarrosa

Vahl

Fimbristylis squarrosavar.esquarrosa

Makino

Pycreus flavidusvar.nilagiricus

(Hochst. ex Steud.) Karthik.

Schoenoplectiella juncoides

(Roxb.) Lye

Scirpus lushanensis

Ohwi

Scirpus sylvaticus

L.

Eriocaulon atrum

Nakai

Eriocaulon decemflorum

Maxim.

Juncus articulatus

L.

Juncus grisebachii

Buchenau

Fraxinus bungeana

A.DC.

Fraxinus chinensis

Roxb.

Fraxinus chinensis rhynchophylla

(Hance) A.E.Murray

Avena sativa

L.

Cleistogenes polyphylla

Keng f.

Arthraxon hispidus

(Thunb.) Makino

Avena fatua

L.

Cleistogenes caespitosa

Keng

Lolium temulentum

L.

Agrostis divaricatissima

Mez

Agrostis macrathera

Phil.

Alopecurus longiaristatus

Maxim.

Alopecurus magellanicus

Lam.

Brachypodium sylvaticum

(Huds.) P.Beauv.

Bromus richardsonii

Link

Calamagrostis emodensis

Griseb.

Echinochloa oryzoides

(Ard.) Fritsch

Elymus gmeliniivar.macratherus

(Ohwi) S.L. Chen & G.H. Zhu

Elymus kamoji

(Ohwi) S. L. Chen

Eragrostis minor

Host

Festuca japonica

Makino

Festuca ovina

L.

Festuca parvigluma

Steud.

Glyceria lithuanica

(Gorski) Gorski

Hordeum vulgare

L.

Pennisetum flaccidum

Griseb.

Pennisetum glaucum

(L.) R.Br.

Poa acroleuca

Steud.

Puccinellia kobayashii

Ohwi

Sparganium erectum

L.

Sparganium eurycarpum coreanum

(H.Lév.) C.D.K.Cook & M.S.Nicholls

Typha minima

Funck

Typha przewalskii

Skvortsov

Matricaria chamomilla

L.

Conyza japonica

(Thunb.) Less. ex Less.

Ainsliaea acerifolia

Sch.Bip.

Artemisia aurata

Kom.

Artemisia brachyloba

Franch.

Artemisia brachyphylla

Kitam.

Artemisia kawakamii

Hayata

Artemisia laciniata

Willd.

Artemisia lancea

Vaniot

Artemisia oxycephala

Kitag.

Artemisia sylvatica

Maxim.

Artemisia vestita

Wall. ex Besser

Artemisia zhongdianensis

Y.R.Ling

Aster alpinus

L.

Aster hispidus

Thunb.

Atractylodes koreana

(Nakai) Kitam.

Atractylodes lancea

(Thunb.) DC.

Atractylodes ovata

(Thunb.) DC.

Bidens cernua

L.

Bidens parviflora

Willd.

Bidens tripartita

L.

Carpesium macrocephalum

Franch. & Sav.

Chrysanthemum indicum

L.

Chrysanthemum morifolium

Ramat.

Chrysanthemum zawadskii

Herbich

Cirsium shansiense

Petr.

Dendranthema lavandulifoliumvar.seticuspe

(Maxim.) C.Shih

Erigeron annuus

(L.) Pers.

Erigeron canadensis

L.

Erigeron thunbergii

A.Gray

Eupatorium lindleyanum

DC.

Kalimeris altaicusvar.millefolius

(Vant.) Wang

Hieracium hololeion

Maxim.

Inula britanicavar.sublanata

Komar.

Inula chinensis

(Kom.) Kom.

Inula salicina

L.

Jacobaea argunensis

(Turcz.) B.Nord.

Epimedium koreanum

Nakai

Corydalis buschii

Nakai

Corydalis lineariloba

Siebold & Zucc.

Corydalis repens

Mandl & Muhldorf

Corydalis speciosa

Maxim. ex Regel

Corydalis yanhusuo

(Y.H.Chou & Chun C.Hsu) W.T.Wang ex Z.Y.Su & C.Y.Wu

Hylomecon vernalis

Maxim.

Batrachium kauffmanii

(Clerc) Krecz.

Leptopyrum fumarioides

(L.) Rchb.

Aconitum jaluense

Kom.

Aconitum kusnezoffiivar.gibbiferum

(Rchb.) Regel

Aconitum longecassidatum

Nakai

Aconitum monanthum

Nakai

Aconitum paniculigerum

Nakai

Aconitum septentrionale

Koelle

Aconitum tschangbaischanense

S.H.Li & Y.H.Huang

Adonis ramosa

Franch.

Anemone cathayensis

Kitag.

Anemone hepaticavar.japonica

(Nakai) Ohwi

Anemone raddeana

Regel

Anemone stolonifera

Maxim.

Anemone umbrosa

C.A.Mey.

Aquilegia flabellata

Siebold & Zucc.

Aquilegia viridifloravar.atropurpurea

(Willd.) Trevir.

Aquilegia yabeana

Kitag.

Caltha palustris

L.

Clematis aethusifolia

Turcz.

Clematis heracleifolia

DC.

Clematis intricata

Bunge

Clematis macropetala

Ledeb.

Clematis macropetalavar.albiflora

(Maxim. ex Kuntze) Hand.-Mazz.

Clematis nobilis

Nakai

Clematis pinnata

Maxim.

Clematis serratifolia

Rehder

Pulsatilla turczaninovii

Krylov & Serg.

Ranunculus cuneifolius

Maxim.

Ranunculus japonicusvar.hsinganensis

(Kitag.) W.T. Wang

Ranunculus monophyllus

Ovcz.

Ranunculus smirnovii

Ovcz.

Ranunculus trichophyllus eradicatus

(Laest.) C.D.K.Cook

Thalictrum filamentosum

Maxim.

Thalictrum foetidum

L.

Thalictrum minus

L.

Thalictrum petaloideum

L.

Thalictrum simplexvar.affine

(Ledeb.) Regel

Trollius asiaticus

L.

Trollius japonicus

Miq.

Trollius ledebourii

Rchb.

Rhamnus arguta

Maxim.

Rhamnus diamantiaca

Nakai

Rhamnus parvifolia

Bunge

Cannabis sativa

L.

Morus alba

L.

Sibbaldia adpressa

Bunge

Sibbaldianthe bifurca

(L.) Kurtto & T.Erikss.

Filipendula glaberrima

Nakai

Geum macrophyllum

Willd.

Malus mandshurica

(Maxim.) Kom. ex Juz.

Potentilla acaulis

L.

Potentilla ancistrifoliavar.dickinsii

(Franch. & Sav.) Koidz.

Potentilla centigrana

Maxim.

Potentilla flagellaris

Willd. ex Schltdl.

Potentilla kleiniana

Wight & Arn.

Potentilla rosulifera

H.L‚v.

Potentilla simulatrix

Th.Wolf

Potentilla supina

L.

Potentilla supinavar.ternata

Peterm.

Prunus armeniaca

L.

Prunus humilis

Bunge

Prunus padusvar.pubescens

Regel & Tiling

Prunus salicina

Lindl.

Prunus serrulata

Lindl.

Prunus wilsonii

(C.K.Schneid.) Koehne

Rubus chamaemorus

L.

Rubus crataegifolius

Bunge

Rubus humilifolius

C.A. Meyer

Rubus idaeus melanolasius

Dieck ex Focke

Rubus idaeus strigosus

(Michx.) Focke

Rubus parvifolius

L.

Sanguisorba canadensis

L.

Sanguisorba officinalisvar.longifila

(Kitag.) T.T.Yu & C.L.Li

Sanguisorba × tenuifoliavar.grandiflora

Maxim.

Sorbaria sorbifoliavar.stellipila

Maxim.

Sorbus alnifoliavar.lobulata

(Koidz.) Rehder

Spiraea dahurica

(Rupr.) Maxim.

Spiraea pubescens

Turcz.

Spiraea trichocarpa

Nakai

Ulmus davidiana

Planch.

Ulmus parvifolia

Jacq.

Ulmus pumila

L.

Parietaria debilis

G.Forst.

Laportea cuspidata

(Wedd.) Friis

Urtica urens

L.

Thesium refractum

C.A.Mey.

Acer negundo

L.

Acer truncatum

Bunge

Hylotelephium spectabile

(Boreau) H. Ohba

Phedimus hsinganicus

(Y.C. Chu ex S.H. Fu & Y. Hui Huang) H. Ohba, K.T. Fu & B.M. Barthol.

Sedum fedtschenckoi

Raym.-Hamet

Sedum kamtschaticum

Fisch.

Sedum pallescens

Freyn

Sedum roseum

(L.) Scop.

Sedum telephium

L.

Ribes burejense

F. Schmidt

Ribes giraldii

Jancz.

Ribes komarovii

Pojark.

Ribes mandshuricumvar.subglabrum

Kom.

Ribes nigrum

L.

Ribes procumbens

Pall.

Ribes ussuriense

Jancz.

Myriophyllum spicatum

L.

Astilboides tabularis

(Hemsl.) Engl.

Mukdenia acanthifolia

Nakai

Chrysosplenium lectus-cochleae

Kitag.

Chrysosplenium pilosumvar.valdepilosum

Ohwi

Chrysosplenium serreanum

Hand.-Mazz.

Saxifraga laciniata

Nakai & Takeda

Saxifraga manshuriensis

(Engl.) Kom.

Saxifraga stolonifera

Curtis

Calystegia sepium spectabilis

Brummitt

Cuscuta chinensis

Lam.

Physalis pubescens

L.

Ampelopsis glandulosavar.heterophylla

(Thunb.) Momiy.

Ampelopsis glandulosavar.brevipedunculata

(Maxim.) Momiy.

Tribulus terrestris

L.

Analysis

A total of 124 families, 503 species and 1640 species of tracheophytes in Xiao Hinggan Ling have been compiled. Compared with the list of “Floristics and Distribution of Plants in Xiao Hinggan Ling China”, The updated list adds 569 species, 56 genera and 6 families to the old list (Table 1, Table 2). Amongst them, there are 1 genus and 8 species of clubmosses, 6 species of gymnosperms, including 6 families, 55 genera and 555 species of angiosperm. The 569 newly added species of tracheophytes belong to 91 families and 267 genera; the results of family size ranking according to the number of species in families are shown in Table 2. The newly added families are Acoraceae, Butomaceae, Linderniaceae, Moraceae, Pedaliaceae and Zygophyllaceae and the results of ranking 56 newly added genera by genus size are shown in Table 3).

Table 1.

Composition of the new checklist of Tracheophyte in Xiao Hinggan Ling.

Taxa	Number of families	Number of genera	Number of species	New families recorded	New genera recorded	New species recorded
Pteridophyta	16	31	67	1	2	8
Gymnosperms	3	6	18	0	0	6
Angiosperms	103	466	1555	8	65	555
Total	122	503	1640	9	67	569

Table 2.

Tracheophyte families and their species diversity in Xiao Hinggan Ling.

Families	Number of families	Species within family
Asteraceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Cyperaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, Polygonaceae, Apiaceae, Lamiaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Brassicaceae	11	≥10 species
Ericaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Salicaceae, Saxifragaceae, Campanulaceae, Crassulaceae, Grossulariaceae, Primulaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Geraniaceae, Onagraceae, Papaveraceae, Pinaceae, Amaranthaceae, Betulaceae, Celastraceae, Liliaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Violaceae	22	5-10 species
Boraginaceae, Gentianaceae, Oleaceae, Orchidaceae, Orobanchaceae, Rubiaceae, Typhaceae, Adoxaceae, Araliaceae, Linaceae, Malvaceae, Rhamnaceae, Ulmaceae, Urticaceae, Alismataceae, Apocynaceae, Araceae, Asphodelaceae, Convolvulaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Fagaceae, Hydrangeaceae, Iridaceae, Juncaceae, Lythraceae, Nymphaeaceae, Ophioglossaceae, Oxalidaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Sapindaceae, Smilacaceae, Vitaceae	32	2-5 species
Acoraceae, Aristolochiaceae, Athyriaceae, Balsaminaceae, Berberidaceae, Butomaceae, Cannabaceae, Ceratophyllaceae, Cornaceae, Dennstaedtiaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Equisetaceae, Haloragaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Linderniaceae, Moraceae, Onocleaceae, Phrymaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Polemoniaceae, Salviniaceae, Santalaceae, Solanaceae, Zygophyllaceae	25	1 species

Table 3.

Tracheophyte genera and their species diversity in Xiao Hinggan Ling.

Genera	Number of genera	Size
Chrysanthemum, Ampelopsis, Arabidopsis, Arctous, Atraphaxis, Avena, Cleistogenes, Corispermum, Epipactis, Eriocaulon, Fimbristylis, Oenothera, Ophioglossum, Pennisetum, Phlomoides, Phyllanthus, Smilax, Trapa	18	≥2 species
Acorus, Ainsliaea, Alangium, Amblynotus, Anethum, Anthriscus, Arthraxon, Astilboides, Batrachium, Brachypodium, Butomus, Cannabis, Carlesia, Carpinus, Cnidium, Conyza, Desmodium, Epimedium, Eriocycla, Eritrichium, Euryale, Glycyrrhiza, Grewia, Hedysarum, Hylodesmum, Leptopyrum, Limonium, Lindernia, Lolium, Matricaria, Monotropastrum, Morus, Mukdenia, Nabalus, Osmorhiza, Ostericum, Ostryopsis, Oxytropis, Parietaria, Periploca, Physalis, Pleurospermum, Salvinia, Sibbaldia, Sibbaldianthe, Stevenia, Trapella, Tribulus, Trichophorum	49	1 species

Discussion

This study added 569 new species, 56 genera and 6 families records to the known checklist. There are 2 main reasons for the results. First, the old checklist was obtained from the IFP, which had more than 290,000 tracheophyte specimens, far less than NSII (more than 10.41 milion). Second, some new record species were found through our field survey, such as some invasive species and exotic plants (e.g.Trifolium repens, Helianthus tuberosus and Erigeron annuus) (Van Der Wal et al. 2008). The phenomenon may be due to the increase in the degree of human interference which provides suitable conditions for the invasion of alien plants in the Xiao Hinggan Ling area. In addition, with the warming of the climate, the plant distribution belt moves northward and some plants in the adjacent flora gradually infiltrate into the Xiao Hinggan Ling region, which is also an important reason for the emergence of some newly recorded species in this region (Parmesan and Yohe 2003).

The new list can reflect the plant varieties in the natural ecosystem of Xiao Hinggan Ling. It can provide detailed and reliable basic data for the study of flora, biodiversity and alien plant invasion in Xiao Hinggan Ling (Liu and Ji 1995).

Supplementary Material

Supplementary material 1

New Checklist of vascular plants in Xiao Hinggan Ling-complete

Hongfeng Wang

Data type: Checklist

File: oo_248961.xls