. 2019 Apr 10;24(7):1404. doi: 10.3390/molecules24071404

Table 4.

Concentrations of fermentation volatiles present in samples collected during RO-EP treatment of Trial 2 wines.

		Wine D						Wine E						P
		Wine in	Wine out	Retentate	Permeate Pre-EP	Permeate Post-EP	Strip Water	Wine in	Wine out	Retentate	Permeate Pre-EP	Permeate Post-EP	Strip Water	P
straight chain acids	acetic acid ¹	682	653	672	600	614	301	461	445	468	425	364	100	<0.001
	propanoic acid	2207	2264	2107	3632	3126	1423	1287	1286	1465	1010	778	401	0.417
	butanoic acid	1152	714	1289	677	<250	<250	756	736	868	589	<250	<250	0.009
	hexanoic acid	2116	2080	2488	1574	1022	728	1275	1237	1477	759	<250	<250	<0.001
	octanoic acid	2470	2283	2518	1023	529	466	1070	988	1242	587	<250	362	0.041
	decanoic acid	514	518	565	254	<100	162	493	461	542	317	207	286	0.003
straight chain ethyl esters	ethyl acetate ¹	123	98	137	99	21	47	61	51	67	47	4	27	0.013
	ethyl propanoate	473	353	548	345	59	164	207	174	238	146	<25	80	0.032
	ethyl butanoate	307	239	359	183	35	92	171	145	202	85	5	47	0.004
	ethyl hexanoate	452	346	552	226	46	120	27	23	33	13	2	8	0.400
	ethyl octanoate	298	221	359	132	32	63	28	23	34	17	2	11	0.355
	ethyl decanoate	161	105	178	42	7	14	4	3	6	1	<1	<1	0.455
branched acids	2-methylpropanoic acid	1696	1583	1890	1084	738	506	1578	1535	1946	722	321	265	<0.001
	2-methylbutanoic acid	14586	12746	18916	5819	2474	1705	1202	1169	1506	335	177	187	0.361
	3-methylbutanoic acid	1651	1558	2141	787	447	280	1345	1311	1619	364	173	175	<0.001
branched ethyl esters	ethyl 2-methylpropanoate	339	307	466	121	31	52	124	102	157	41	<5	21	0.070
	ethyl 2-methylbutanoate	51	44	68	13	2	4	25	22	34	6	<1	3	0.017
	ethyl 3-methylbutanoate	82	68	111	21	3	7	37	33	48	10	<1	5	0.031
acetates	2-methylpropyl acetate	51	44	67	20	<5	11	45	42	58	15	<5	<5	<0.001
	2-methylbutyl acetate	191	158	244	64	11	51	106	97	140	24	<10	14	0.004
	3-methylbutyl acetate	593	474	747	202	42	181	1052	956	1345	269	23	165	0.017
	hexyl acetate	8	4	9	4	<2	5	20	18	23	10	2	6	0.142
	2-phenylethyl acetate	297	240	358	170	35	111	855	806	1040	321	39	192	0.112
alcohols	2-methylpropanol ¹	68	63	85	30	7	19	66	63	81	22	2	14	<0.001
	butanol	1787	1587	1917	1458	649	989	1556	1460	1800	992	304	605	<0.001
	2/3-methylbutanol ¹	152	143	189	59	15	38	330	339	445	158	12	80	0.037
	1-hexanol	2229	1952	2649	1262	252	761	3654	3322	4220	1900	<50	1099	0.007
	2-phenylethanol ¹	287	280	328	171	124	43	414	409	473	238	159	67	0.001

¹ Concentrations are µg/L, except for acetic acid, ethyl acetate, 2-methylpropanol, 2-methylbutanol and 2-phenylethyl ethanol, which are mg/L; < denotes below limit of detection.