. 2019 Apr 10;24(7):1404. doi: 10.3390/molecules24071404

Table 5.

Mass flow of fermentation volatiles present in samples collected during RO-EP treatment of Trial 2 wines.

		Wine D						Wine E						P
		Wine in	Wine out	Retentate	Permeate Pre-EP	Permeate Post-EP	Strip Water	Wine in	Wine out	Retentate	Permeate Pre-EP	Permeate Post-EP	Strip Water	P
straight chain acids	acetic acid ¹	2.15	2.00	1.48	0.57	0.53	0.34	1.73	1.63	1.32	0.40	0.31	0.16	<0.001
	propanoic acid	6.94	6.93	4.63	3.44	2.69	1.62	4.82	4.71	4.13	0.94	0.66	0.62	0.001
	butanoic acid	3.62	2.18	2.83	0.64	<0.22	<0.28	2.83	2.69	2.45	0.55	<0.21	<0.39	<0.001
	hexanoic acid	6.65	6.36	5.47	1.49	0.88	0.83	4.78	4.53	4.17	0.71	<0.21	<0.39	<0.001
	octanoic acid	7.77	6.98	5.54	0.97	0.46	0.53	4.01	3.62	3.50	0.55	<0.21	0.56	0.013
	decanoic acid	1.62	1.58	1.24	0.24	<0.09	0.18	1.85	1.69	1.53	0.29	0.17	0.44	<0.001
straight chain ethyl esters	ethyl acetate ¹	0.39	0.30	0.30	0.09	0.02	0.05	0.23	0.19	0.19	0.04	<0.01	0.04	0.004
	ethyl propanoate	1.49	1.08	1.20	0.33	0.05	0.19	0.78	0.64	0.67	0.14	<0.02	0.12	0.008
	ethyl butanoate	0.97	0.73	0.79	0.17	0.03	0.10	0.64	0.53	0.57	0.08	<0.01	0.07	<0.001
	ethyl hexanoate	1.42	1.06	1.21	0.21	0.04	0.14	0.10	0.09	0.09	0.01	<0.01	0.01	0.377
	ethyl octanoate	0.94	0.68	0.79	0.13	0.03	0.07	0.11	0.08	0.10	0.02	<0.01	0.02	0.319
	ethyl decanoate	0.51	0.32	0.39	0.04	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.467
branched acids	2-methylpropanoic acid	5.33	4.84	4.15	1.03	0.64	0.58	5.92	5.63	5.49	0.67	0.27	0.41	<0.001
	2-methylbutanoic acid	45.86	38.99	41.58	5.50	2.13	1.94	4.51	4.28	4.25	0.31	0.15	0.29	0.329
	3-methylbutanoic acid	5.19	4.77	4.71	0.74	0.39	0.32	5.05	4.80	4.57	0.34	0.15	0.27	<0.001
branched ethyl esters	ethyl 2-methylpropanoate	1.06	0.94	1.02	0.11	0.03	0.06	0.47	0.37	0.44	0.04	<0.01	0.03	0.033
	ethyl 2-methylbutanoate	0.16	0.13	0.15	0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.09	0.08	0.10	0.01	<0.01	0.01	0.006
	ethyl 3-methylbutanoate	0.26	0.21	0.24	0.02	<0.01	0.01	0.14	0.12	0.14	0.01	<0.01	0.01	0.009
acetates	2-methylpropyl acetate	0.16	0.13	0.15	0.02	<0.01	0.01	0.17	0.15	0.16	0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.001
	2-methylbutyl acetate	0.60	0.48	0.54	0.06	0.01	0.06	0.40	0.36	0.39	0.02	<0.01	0.02	<0.001
	3-methylbutyl acetate	1.86	1.45	1.64	0.19	0.04	0.21	3.94	3.50	3.79	0.25	0.02	0.26	0.034
	hexyl acetate	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.00	<0.01	0.01	0.08	0.06	0.06	0.01	<0.01	0.01	0.141
	2-phenylethyl acetate	0.93	0.73	0.79	0.16	0.03	0.13	3.21	2.95	2.93	0.30	0.03	0.30	0.140
alcohols	2-methylpropanol ¹	0.21	0.19	0.19	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.25	0.23	0.23	0.02	<0.01	0.02	<0.001
	butanol	5.62	4.85	4.21	1.38	0.56	1.13	5.83	5.35	5.08	0.92	0.26	0.94	<0.001
	2/3-methylbutanol ¹	0.48	0.44	0.42	0.06	0.01	0.04	1.24	1.24	1.25	0.15	0.01	0.12	0.064
	1-hexanol	7.01	5.97	5.82	1.19	0.22	0.87	13.70	12.17	11.90	1.77	<0.04	1.71	0.018
	2-phenylethanol ¹	0.90	0.86	0.72	0.16	0.11	0.05	1.55	1.50	1.33	0.22	0.13	0.10	0.008

¹ Concentrations are g/h, except for acetic acid, ethyl acetate, 2-methylpropanol, 2-methylbutanol and 2-phenylethyl ethanol, which are kg/h < denotes below limit of detection.