Molecular isoforms of high-mobility group box 1 are mechanistic biomarkers for epilepsy

Original citation: J Clin Invest. 2017;127(6):2118–2132. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI92001

Citation for this retraction: J Clin Invest. 2019;129(5):2166. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI129285

Following an inquiry at the University of Liverpool, the Editorial Board was recently informed that the mass spectrometry data provided by Daniel J. Antoine is unreliable and likely to be fraudulent. Specifically, data relating to HMGB1 isoforms presented in Figures 1B, 2, 4A, and 5A and Supplemental Figure 3 are not reliable. Due to this finding, the JCI is retracting this article. No issues have been raised with regard to any of the other data in the paper. The corresponding author has stated that data presented in Figure 1A and data related to total HMGB1 blood levels measured by ELISA, which include that in Figure 1B, Figure 2, and Figure 4A as well as data reported in Figure 3 and Figure 4B, are reliable. The corresponding author has also stated that all supplemental figures, except those depicting HMGB1 isoforms, are reliable.

Version 1. 04/08/2019

Electronic publication

Version 2. 05/01/2019

Print issue publication