Table 3.
Co-sibling analyses of gestational age at birth in relation to risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), Sweden, 1973-2015
| Attained age by gestational age | All | Males | Females | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No of participants | No with CKD | Adjusted* hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | No of participants | No with CKD | Adjusted* hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | No of participants | No with CKD | Adjusted* hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | |||
| 0-43 years: | ||||||||||||||
| Preterm | 162 377 | 302 | 2.37 (1.85 to 3.03) | <0.001 | 89 071 | 169 | 2.85 (1.84 to 4.41) | <0.001 | 73 306 | 133 | 1.83 (1.12 to 2.98) | 0.02 | ||
| Early term | 618 764 | 702 | 1.33 (1.15 to 1.55) | <0.001 | 381 424 | 427 | 1.70 (1.31 to 2.21) | <0.001 | 300 340 | 275 | 1.14 (0.82 to 1.59) | 0.42 | ||
| Full term | 2 440 243 | 2193 | Reference | 1 240 750 | 1,245 | Reference | 1 199 493 | 948 | Reference | |||||
| Each additional week | 0.89 (0.86 to 0.92) | <0.001 | 0.86 (0.81 to 0.91) | <0.001 | 0.92 (0.86 to 0.98) | 0.01 | ||||||||
| 0-9 years: | ||||||||||||||
| Preterm | 162 377 | 105 | 7.29 (4.26 to 12.47) | <0.001 | 89 071 | 69 | 9.95 (3.93 to 25.14) | <0.001 | 73 306 | 36 | 10.35 (2.21 to 48.56) | <0.001 | ||
| Early term | 618 764 | 128 | 1.96 (1.35 to 2.83) | <0.001 | 318 424 | 82 | 2.86 (1.46 to 5.60) | 0.002 | 300 340 | 46 | 1.19 (0.47 to 2.97) | 0.72 | ||
| Full term | 2 440 243 | 281 | Reference | 1 240 750 | 169 | Reference | 1 199 493 | 112 | Reference | |||||
| Each additional week | 0.74 (0.69 to 0.81) | <0.001 | 0.74 (0.65 to 0.84) | <0.001 | 0.62 (0.47 to 0.81) | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 10-19 years: | ||||||||||||||
| Preterm | 121 994 | 66 | 2.28 (1.38 to 3.77) | 0.001 | 66 845 | 34 | 2.59 (1.00 to 6.67) | 0.05 | 55 149 | 32 | 1.82 (0.69 to 4.82) | 0.23 | ||
| Early term | 465 354 | 195 | 1.65 (1.25 to 2.17) | <0.001 | 240 663 | 110 | 2.02 (1.20 to 3.39) | 0.008 | 224 691 | 85 | 1.23 (0.67 to 2.26) | 0.50 | ||
| Full term | 1 863 062 | 511 | Reference | 947 167 | 276 | Reference | 915 895 | 235 | Reference | |||||
| Each additional week | 0.88 (0.82 to 0.94) | <0.001 | 0.82 (0.72 to 0.93) | 0.002 | 0.89 (0.78 to 1.02) | 0.08 | ||||||||
| 20-43 years: | ||||||||||||||
| Preterm | 84 936 | 131 | 1.38 (0.97 to 1.97) | 0.08 | 46 804 | 66 | 1.52 (0.81 to 2.86) | 0.20 | 38 132 | 65 | 1.03 (0.50 to 2.16) | 0.93 | ||
| Early term | 316 751 | 379 | 1.07 (0.87 to 1.32) | 0.51 | 165 680 | 235 | 1.33 (0.93 to 1.89) | 0.12 | 151 071 | 144 | 0.98 (0.62 to 1.56) | 0.94 | ||
| Full term | 1 299 153 | 1401 | Reference | 660 998 | 800 | Reference | 638 155 | 601 | Reference | |||||
| Each additional week | 0.96 (0.91 to 0.99) | 0.04 | 0.93 (0.86 to 1.01) | 0.08 | 1.00 (0.91 to 1.10) | 0.97 | ||||||||
Preterm=<37 weeks; early term=37-38 weeks; full term=39-41 weeks.
*
Adjusted for shared familial (genetic or environmental) factors, and additionally for specific child characteristics (birth year, sex, birth order, congenital anomalies) and maternal characteristics (age, education, body mass index, smoking, preeclampsia, other hypertensive disorders, diabetes mellitus).