The Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera) fauna of the woody savannah belt in Mali, West Africa

Abstract

Seventy-nine taxa of Pyraloidea were collected in 2014 with light traps in the woody savannah zone south of Bamako, Mali. Three taxa out of 79 were identified to genus level only. 78 of the 79 species are new records for Mali, 17 are new for West Africa. Most species (54) belong to the subfamily Spilomelinae (family Crambidae). The majority of observed species have wide distribution areas. The only regional endemic is Hypsopygia bamakoensis (Leraut, 2006). Concerning the biogeographical categories most of the species (34) are Afrotropical, seven species cosmopolitan, and the remaining species occur in the Palaearctics with a preference to the Palaeotropics. The most common species, Patania balteata (Fabricius, 1798) comprised 40.0% of all specimens collected. It is known to be a pest of the mango tree, which is common in the light-trapping area.

Introduction

Geography of Mali.

The Republic of Mali is one of the largest countries in West Africa with an area of 1.240.000 km². It occupies four latitudinal ecological zones corresponding to the gradient of precipitation. The northern two thirds are occupied by the Sahara Desert with less than 100 mm of annual precipitation, in the south by the Sahel zone, the savannah zone, and the far south of the country which is occupied by woody savannah with a tropical savannah climate (BSh in Köppen climate classification - the hot steppe climate) and with annual precipitation of 1400 mm. In the broad sense of ecological zones, Mali is considered as a complex ecotone between closed forest and desert (Rian et al. 2009).

Study Site.

Our research was carried out during 2014 near Ouronina village, 75 km south-west of Bamako (12° 5’39.78”N; 8°24’3.16”W) (Fig. 1). The village is located amongst rocky hills with small seasonal water streams at the edge of the flood plain of the River Niger. This area is classified as woody savannah, within the forest/savanna transition belt (Torello-Raventos 2013). Mean annual precipitation in the area is <1200 mm. The rainy season lasts from the end of June to mid-October. Mean monthly maximum temperatures vary from 30°C to 33°C in summer and mean minimum temperatures are between 18°C and 21°C in winter. The major water source in this area is the River Niger, which is complemented by several smaller rivers, thus becoming an important place of agricultural production. The favorable conditions of the zone allow a mosaic of wooded savannah and natural forest to exist (Figs. 2–7). Forty to ninety percent of the ground has vegetative cover, with gallery forests in valleys creating a continuous dense band of vegetation. Most of the valleys and the flood plain of the River Niger are used for agriculture while the hills are mainly used for logging and seasonal grazing.

FIGURE 1.

Map of Mali. Ouronina village is marked.

FIGURES 2–7.

Habitats sampled during the study. 2. Scattered bushes on slopes of Sibi Hills. 3. Savannah with forest patches. 4. Colonna light trap near riverine forest. 5. Artificial pool near Voronina with ruderal plants on adjacent land. 6. Bushes on sand dunes near Niger River. 7. Riverine forest in the flooded area of Niger River.

The most common trees in the area are Vitellaria paradoxa (C.F.Gaertn) (Fam. Sapotaceae), Anogreissus leocarpus ((DC.) Guill. & Perr.) (Fam. Combretaceae), Daniella oliveri ((Rolfe) Hutch. & Dalziel) (Fam. Caesalpiniaceae), Isoberlina doka (Craib & Stapf) (Fam. Fabaceae), Monotes kerstingii (Gilg.) (Fam. Dipterocarpaceae), Khaya senegalensis ((Desr.) A.Juss.) (Fam. Meliaceae), Pterocarpus eribaceus (Poir.) (Fam. Fabaceae) and Terminalia macroptera (Guill. & Perr.) (Fam. Combretaceae) (Rian et al. 2009).

Superfamily Pyraloidea.

This superfamily includes 2 families: Pyralidae and Crambidae (Beccaloni et al. 2018; Nuss et al. 2003–2018). The larvae of most species feed on living plants either internally or externally as leaf rollers, leaf webbers, leaf miners, stem borers, root feeders, and seed feeders. Some species of Niphopyralis in Spilomelinae live parasitically in ant nests, the representatives of Phycitinae prey on scale insects, or live in the nests of bees (species in Galleriinae). The larvae of the Acentropinae are adapted to life under water, and certain Phycitinae and Pyralinae are adapted to very dry environments and their larvae feed on stored food products. Others feed on animal detritus such as carrion and feces. Several species are known as serious agricultural pests (Nuss et al. 2003–2018). Information about west-African pyraloids is generally poor and limited to information about the biology of some pests (Heinrichs & Barrion 2004; James et al. 2010; Ghoneim 2015; Ogbalu 2015).

Material and methods

Within the framework of an NIH grant (see Acknowledgements) on the ecology of Malaria vectors we had the opportunity to collect non-target insects with automatic light traps equipped with cold ultra-violet cathode lamps (12 Volt) of 30 cm length powered by 12 Volt, 15 Ampere motorcycle batteries. A set of 20 traps was shifted every night between different sites around Ouronina village, 75 km south-west of Bamako (12° 5’39.78”N; 8°24’3.16”W). Sample sites included grassland, islands of bushes and trees, riverine forests along seasonally dry riverbeds, agricultural fields of maize, rice, and peanuts, and riverine forests along the Niger River. The light traps were operated every night from the beginning of January 2014 until end of December 2014, except holidays or during severe weather.

To describe the general distribution of species, we followed the biogeographical classification of Olson et al. (2001). The following categories were used to describe species: 1) Afrotropical—species known only in Africa south of Sahara; 2) Palaeotropical—species occurring in the Old World tropics (Africa, India, South-East Asia and North Australia); 3) Palaeotropical— species with penetration to Palaearctic; 4) Pantropical— species that occur throughout the tropical zone including South and Central America; 5) Pantropical— with penetration to Palaearctic; 6) Cosmopolitan— species that occur throughout all biogeographical zones.

Information about the identity of moths, general distribution of species, and their host plants was summarized from the following Internet sites: AfroMoths (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and African Moths (Goff 2018). The species names follow the Global Information System on Pyraloidea provided by Nuss et al. (2003–2018).

In total, 9643 specimens of Pyraloidea, comprising 79 species were collected, including 3 species identified to the genus level only. The total collected materials of Heterocera (1022 cottons), including Pyraloidea species, are deposited in the Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies and Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (SMNH); curator—V. D. Kravchenko.

ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES COLLECTED

Family Crambidae

Subfamily Acentropinae

1. Eoophyla platyxantha Agassiz, 2012

Material:

1 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 02.10.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical: Cameroon, DR Congo (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

2. Parapoynx fluctuosalis (Zeller, 1852)

(Fig. 8)

FIGURES 8–22.

Some images of Pyraloidea species from Mali. 8. Parapoynx fluctuosalis. 9. Cryptosana caritalis. 10. Pyrausta phoenicealis. 11. Diaphania indica. 12. Glyphodes bicolor. 13. Glyphodes onychinalis. 14. Glyphodes stolalis. 15. Haritalodes derogata. 16. Syllepte rogationis. 17. Nevrina sp. 18. Nevrina procopia (Stoll in Cramer & Stoll, 1781) from Liberia. 19. Orphanostigma abruptalis. 20. Synclera traducalis. 21. Ghesquierellana hirtusalis. 22. Ulopeza conigeralis.

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Hydrocampa circealis Walker, 1859;

= Nymphula luteivittalis Mabille, 1880;

= Oligostigma chrysippusalis Walker, 1859;

= Oligostigma curta Butler, 1879;

= Oligostigma obitalis Walker, 1859;

= Parapoynx linealis Guenée, 1854;

= Paraponyx [sic] oryzalis Wood-Mason, 1885;

= Paraponyx [sic] rugosalis Möschler, 1890.

Material:

15 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 23.01.–08.03.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al., 5 ex. same data except the date 15.10.–17.11.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical: Botswana, Burkina Faso, Comoros, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Australasian: Australia, Fiji, Guam, Hawaii; Neotropical: the Galapagos Islands, Puerto Rico; Oriental: India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Taiwan; Palaearctic: China, Italy (Sardinia), Japan, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia, United Kingdom (De Prins & De Prins 2018; Wikipedia 2018).

Host-plants:

Hydrilloideae: Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle; Nymphaeaceae: Nymphaea sp., Poaceae: Oryza sativa L. (Goff 2018). Known as waved China-mark—global pest of rice.

Subfamily Crambinae

3. Ancylolomia prepiella Hampson, 1919

Material:

1 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 26.09.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical: Lesotho, South Africa (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

4. Ancylolomia simplella de Joannis, 1913

Material:

7 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 23.01.–30.06.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al.; 2 ex. same data except the date 14.09.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical. Eritrea, Kenya, South Africa, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

5. Classeya placydioni Błeszyński, 1960

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= palcydioni Chen, Song, Yuan & Zhang, 2002.

Material:

1 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 07.06.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical: Gambia, Mali, Senegal (Goff 2018).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

6. Euchromius gnathosellus Schouten, 1988

Material:

1 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 12.09.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical: the Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, (Schouten 1988) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

Subfamily Odontiinae

7. Autocharis jacobsalis Marion & Viette, 1956

Material:

1 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 24.03.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al., 1 ex. same data except the date 22.05.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical: Madagascar, South Africa (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

8. Autocharis fessalis (Swinhoe, 1886)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Autocharis amethystine Swinhoe, 1894.

Material:

138 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 22.01.–06.03.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al., 57 ex. same data except the date 20.09.–17.11.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical. In: Africa: DR Congo, Seychelles, South Africa, United Arab Emirates, Yemen (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Oriental: Bhutan, India and Pakistan (De Prins & De Prins 2018)

Host-plants:

Unknown.

Subfamily Pyraustinae

9. Achyra coelatalis (Walker, 1859)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Sceliodes nodiferalis Gaede, 1917.

Material:

2 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 02.10.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical. In Africa: Botswana, Cape Verde, DR Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Oman, Rwanda, Réunion, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins, 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Australasia: Australia; Oriental: India, Sri Lanka, Taiwan; Palaearctic: Afghanistan, Iran (De Prins & De Prins, 2018).

Host-plants:

Poaceae: Oryza sativa L., Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br., Sorghum species Zea mays L. (Wikipedia 2018).

10. Cryptosara caritalis (Walker, 1859)

(Fig. 9)

Material:

1 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 24.09.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical. Cameroon, Congo, DR Congo, Ghana, Mauritius, Sierra Leone, Togo (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

11. Euclasta warreni Distant, 1892

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Euclasta hiracopis Meyrick, 1933.

Material:

3 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 21.01.–10.05.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al., 6 ex. same data except the date 2.09.–18.11.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical: DR Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plant: Apocynaceae: Acokanthera oppositifolia (Lam.) Codd (Popescu-Gorj & Constantinescu 1977).

12. Isocentris filalis (Guenée, 1854)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Agrotera retinalis Saalmüller, 1880;

= Hyalobathra argentifilalis Hampson, 1908;

= Botys holoxanthalis Mabille, 1881;

= Botys amoenalis Walker, 1866;

= Endotricha rhodophilalis Walker, 1866;

= Hyalobathra metallogramma Meyrick, 1934;

= Hyalobathra veroniqueae Guillermet in Viette & Guillermet, 1996;

= Samea dives Butler, 1881.

Material:

1 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 21.01.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al., 3 ex. same data except the date 12.08.–04.11.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical. In Africa: Cameroon, Comoros, Congo, DR Congo, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Réunion, Seychelles, Togo (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Australasia: Australia; Oriental: Indonesia, Malaysia and Taiwan (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia virosa Willd.; Phyllanthaceae: Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Royle (Wikipedia 2018).

13. Pioneabathra olesialis (Walker, 1859)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

Pionea brevialis Walker, 1859;

Botys divisalis Lederer, 1863;

Mnesictena pactolina Meyrick, 1887;

Scopula eximialis Walker, 1866;

Pionea holoxuthalis Hampson, 1908.

Material:

55 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 24.02.–25.07.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al., 172 ex. same data except the date 04.08.–18.11.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical. In Africa: Comoros, Congo, DR Congo, Gambia, Mozambique, Oman, Seychelles, South Africa, Yemen, Zambia (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Autralasia: Australia; Oriental: India, Sri Lanka (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Phyllanthaceae: Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Royle; Solanaceae: Solanum sp. (Goff 2018).

14. Pyrausta phoenicealis (Hübner, 1818)

(Fig. 10)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

Botys coecilialis Walker, 1859b;

Botys phaenicealis Snellen, 1883;

Botys phaenicialis Snellen, 1875;

Myriostephes heliamma Meyrick, 1885b;

Rhodaria flegialis Walker, 1859b;

Rhodaria nerialis Boisduval, 1833b;

Rhodaria noraxalis Walker, 1859c;

Rhodaria ocellusalis Walker, 1859c;

Rhodaria panopealis Walker, 1859a;

Rhodaria catenalis Walker, 1866;

Rhodaria concatenalis Walker, 1866;

Rhodaria juncturalis Walker, 1866;

Rhodaria probalis Walker, 1859c.

Material:

47 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 23.01.–24.03.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al., 2 ex. same data except the date 10–23.09.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Cosmopolitan. In Africa: Comoros, DR Congo, Gambia, Madagascar, Mauritius, Namibia, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, United Arab Emirates (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Australasia: Australia; Nearctic: U.S.A.; Neotropical: Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Republic; Oriental: India, Taiwan; Palaearctic: China, Europe, Japan, Turkey (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Lamiaceae: Coleus sp., Dicerandra frutescens Shinners, Hyptis pectinate (L.) Poit., H. brevipes Poit., H. capitata Jacq., Rosmarinus officinalis L. Known as perilla leaf moth—a pest of shiso (Perilla), fruit mint (Dicerandra frutescens) and knobweed (Hyptis capitata) (Heppner 2003; Choi et al. 2008).

Subfamily Spilomelinae

15. Agathodes musivalis Guenée, 1854

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Agathodes chrysalis Hampson, 1908;

= Myriostephes heliamma Meyrick, 1885.

Material:

3 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 08–24.02.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al., 1 ex. same data except the date 03.09.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical. Angola, Cameroon, Comoros, DR Congo, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Réunion, Somalia, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Fabaceae: Erythrina abyssinica DC., E. caffra Thunb., E. variegata L. (Goff 2018).

16. Agrotera citrina (Hampson, 1899)

Material:

2 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 12.09.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical. Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

17. Agrotera rufitinctalis (Hampson, 1917)

Material:

1 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 11.11.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical. Malawi, Rwanda, Uganda, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

18. Analyta calligrammalis Mabille, 1879

Material:

12 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 23.01.–10.07.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical. DR Congo, Gambia, Ghana, Madagascar, Mozambique, Seychelles, Sierra Leone (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Moraceae: Ficus sp. (Ghesquière 1942).

19. Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel, 1833)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Antigastra catalaunalis ab. sionensis Caradja, 1929;

= Botys venosalis Walker, 1866.

Material:

3 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 02–21.02.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al., 5 ex. same data except the date 12–19.11.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Cosmopolitan. In Africa: Cameroon, Comoros, DR Congo, Gambia, Kenya, Namibia, Oman, Rwanda, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Australasia: Australia; Nearctic: U.S.A.; Oriental: India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka; Palaearctic: Cyprus, Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Malta, Morocco, South Europe, Syria (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Pedaliaceae: Sesamum angolense Welw, S. calycinum subsp. angustifolium (Oliv.) Ihlenf. & Seidenst., S. indicum L.; Plantaginaceae: Anarrhinum fruticosum subsp. brevifolium (Coss. & Kralik) D.A.Sutton, Linaria fruticosa Desf.; Poaceae: Panicum maximum Jacq.; Solanaceae: Solanum sp.; Verbenaceae: Duranta erecta L. (Goff 2018).

20. Bocchoris inspersalis (Zeller, 1852)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

Aediodes bootanalis Walker, 1866;

Desmia afflictalis Guenée, 1854;

Desmia stellaris Butler, 1879.

Material:

11 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 08.02.–15.05.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al., 26 ex. same data except the date 11.07.–23.09.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical. In Africa: Cameroon, DR Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Oriental: South China, India, Indonesia (Java), South Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Fabaceae: Arachis hypogaea L., Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC., Amaranthaceae: Telanthera versicolor Regel (Goff 2018), Malvaceae: Triplochiton scleroxylon K.Schum. (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

21. Botyodes asialis Guenée, 1854

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Botyodes asialis f. liliputalis Strand, 1913;

= Botys chrysotalis Mabille, 1880 (Nuss et al. 2003–2018).

Material:

53 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 21.01.–05.06.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical. In Africa: Cameroon, DR Congo, Equatorial Guinea, La Réunion, Madagascar, Rwanda, Réunion, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Australasian: Australia, Fiji; Oriental: India, Indonesia, Philippines, Sri Lanka (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Apocynaceae: Tabermaemontana sp.; Boraginaceae: Ehretia sp., Ebenaceae: Diospyros sp.; Lamiaceae: Premna sp.; Magnoliaceae: Michelia sp.; Malvaceae: Urena sp.; Menispermaceae: Tinospora sp.; Moraceae: Ficus sp.; Rutaceae: Glycosmis sp.; Salicaceae: Casearia sp. (Goff 2018).

22. Botyodes diniasalis (Walker, 1859)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Pyrausta diniasalis capnosalis Caradja, 1925;

= Sylepta [sic] kosemponis Strand, 1918.

Material:

123 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 21.01.–30.06.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al., 13 ex. same data except the date 01.07.–13.09.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical, penetrates to Palaearctic. In Africa: DR Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Oriental: China, Taiwan; Palaearctic: N.W. Himalayas (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Malvaceae: Grewia asiatica L., Salicaceae: Populus ciliata Wall. ex Royle, Salix pentandra L. (Goff 2018).

23. Cadarena pudoraria (Hübner, 1825)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Botys marginalis Guenée, 1854;

= Phalaena marginata Stoll in Cramer & Stoll, 1782;

= Phalaena sinuata Fabricius, 1781.

Material:

7 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 22.07.–08.08.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical. In Africa: Angola, Cameroon, Comoros, DR Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in India, Malaysia, Sri Lanka.

Host-plants:

Malvaceae: Gossypium sp., Sida rhombifolia L.; Passifloraceae: Adenia sp. (Goff 2018).

24. Cirrhochrista grabczewskyi (E. Hering, 1903)

Material:

1 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 19.11.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical: Cameroon, Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

25. Diaphania indica (Saunders, 1851)

(Fig. 11)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Botys hyalinalis Boisduval, 1833a;

= Eudioptis capensis Zeller, 1852;

= Glyphodes intermedialis Dognin, 1904;

= Glyphodes indicalis Moore, 1867;

= Phakellura cucurbitalis Guenée, 1862;

= Phakellura gazorialis Guenée, 1854;

= Phakellura garorialis Snellen, 1882;

= Phakellura zygaenalis Guenée, 1854.

Material:

8 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 23.01.–07.06.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al., 28 ex. same data except the date 03.07.–28.10.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Pantropical, penetrates to Palaearctic. In Africa: British Indian Ocean Territory, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Comoros, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Oman, Rwanda, Réunion, Saint Helena, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Australasian: Australia, Fiji, Marquesas, Tahiti; Nearctic: U.S.A. (Florida); Oriental: India, Indonesia (Borneo, Java), New Guinea, Sri Lanka; Palaearctic: Canary Islands, China, Japan, Korea (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Amaranthaceae: Achyranthes aspera L.; Cucurbitaceae: Ceratosanthes palmata (L.) Urb., Cucurbita sp., Cucurbita pepo L., Cucumis sativus L., Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb., L. cylindrica (L.) M.Roem., Trichosanthes cucumerina L.; Fabaceae: Erythrina corallodendron L.; Malvaceae: Gossypium herbaceum L. (De Prins & De Prins 2018; Goff 2018). Known as a cucumber moth—occasional pest of cucurbits.

26. Dysallacta negatalis (Walker, 1859)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Botys monesusalis Walker, 1859b;

= Botys phanasalis Walker, 1859.

Material:

91 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 13.01.–15.09.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical, penetrates to Palaearctic. In Africa: DR Congo, Gambia, Lesoto, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Autralasia: Australia; Oriental: India, Sri Lanka, Taiwan (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Dilleniaceae: Dillenia indica L.; Moraceae: Ficus microcarpa L.f., F. religiosa (Goff 2018).

27. Eurrhyparodes tricoloralis (Zeller, 1852)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Isopteryx abnegatalis Walker, 1859a;

= Botys ebnegatalis Lederer, 1863;

= Eurrhyparodes confusalis Warren, 1896.

Material:

6 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 25.01.–10.06.2014, leg. Kravchenko & Muller et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical. In Africa: Cameroon, Comoros, DR Congo, Gambia, Madagascar, Maldives, Mauritius, Réunion, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, United Arab Emirates, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Australasia: Australia, Fiji, Solomon Islands; Oriental: India, Indonesia (Java), New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

28. Ghesquierellana hirtusalis (Walker, 1859)

(Fig. 21)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Ghesquierellana hirsutalis Pinhey, 1975;

= Phostria pallas Meyrick, 1936;

= Polygrammodes hirtusalis borbonica Viette, 1976.

Material:

9 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 25.01.–29.05.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al., 4 ex. same data except the date 15.08.–07.11.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical. Comoros, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Réunion, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Moraceae: Ficus carica L., F. mauritiana Lam., F. mucuso Welw. ex Ficalho, F. sur Forssk., F. trichopoda Backer, F. vallis-choudae Delile; Malvaceae: Gossypium sp. (Goff 2018).

29. Glyphodes argyraspides (Tams, 1941)

Material:

16 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 18.06.–23.10.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical: Gambia, Sierra Leone, Uganda (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Moraceae: Ficus sycomorus L., Ficus sp. (Goff 2018).

30. Glyphodes bicolor (Swainson, 1821)

(Fig. 12)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= diurnalis Guenée, 1854;

= parvalis Walker, 1866;

= perspicillalis Zeller, 1852.

Material:

4 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 25.01.–27.08.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical. In Africa: Angola, DR Congo, Gambia, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins, 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Oriental: India, Malaysia (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Apocynaceae: Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br., Carissa carandas L., Nerium oleander L.; Moraceae: Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr., Ficus benghalensis L., Fabaceae: Desmodium oojeinense (Roxb.) H.Ohashi; Lamiaceae: Tectona grandis L.f. (Goff 2018).

31. Glyphodes bitriangulalis Gaede, 1917

Material:

40 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 08.05.–21.10.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical: South Africa, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

32. Glyphodes stolalis Guenée, 1854

(Fig. 14)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= substolalis Snellen, 1899.

Material:

191 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 11.06.–20.10.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical, penetrates Palaearctic. In Africa: Cameroon, Comoros, DR Congo, Gambia, Kenya, Madagascar, Réunion, Seychelles, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Australasia: Australia; Oriental: China, India, Indonesia (Sulawesi), Sri Lanka (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Combretaceae: Terminalia ivorensis A.Chev.; Moraceae: Ficus benghalensis L., F. carica L., F. microcarpa L.f., F. natalensis Hochst., F. racemosa L.; (Goff 2018).

33. Glyphodes onychinalis (Guenée, 1854)

(Fig. 13)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Lepyrodes astomalis C. Felder, R. Felder & Rogenhofer in C. Felder, R. Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875;

= Zebronia braurealis Walker, 1859с.

Material:

7 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 14.09.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical. In Africa: DR Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Yemen (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Australasia: Australia, New Zealand; Oriental: Hong Kong, India, Indonesia (Borneo), Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka,

Thailand; Palaearctic: Japan; Nearctic: U.S.A.: has been recorded in California since 2000 (Wikipedia 2018).

Host-plants:

Apocynaceae: Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L.) W.T.Aiton, Nerium oleander L. Oleaceae: Jasminum sp. (Wikipedia 2018).

34. Haritalodes derogata (Fabricius, 1775)

(Fig. 15)

Material:

1 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 04.02.2017, leg. Kravchenko et al., 57 ex. same data except the date 25.08.–12.11.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical, penetrates to Palaearctic. In Africa: Comoros, DR Congo, Gambia, Ghana, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Nigeria, Réunion, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Australasia: Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands; Oriental: Andaman Islands, Bali, Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Vietnam; Palaearctic: China, Japan, E. Siberia ( De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Anacardiaceae: Anacardium occidentale L., Fabaceae: Glycine max (L.) Merr., Malvaceae: Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, Alcea rosea L., Gossypium sp., Hibiscus columnaris Cav., Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) Urb., Pavonia sp., Sida sp., Thespesia danis Oliv., Urena lobata L.; Rhamnaceae: Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (De Prins & De Prins 2018; Wikipedia 2018). Known as cotton leaf roller—pest of cotton.

35. Herpetogramma licarsisalis (Walker, 1859)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Botys abstrusalis Walker, 1859b;

= Botys immundalis Walker, 1866;

= Botys pharaxalis Walker, 1859b;

= Botys serotinalis Joannis in Joannis & Ragonot, 1889;

= Entephria fumidalis Walker, 1866.

Material:

6 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 04.08.–23.09.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical, penetrates to Palaearctic. In Africa: British Indian Ocean Territory, Cameroon, Cape Verde, DR Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Réunion, Saint Helena, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Australasia: Hawaii, New Zealand, Solomon Islands; Oriental: Andaman Islands, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia (Borneo), Malaysia (Sarawak), New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka; Palaearctic: China, Cyprus, Japan, Lebanon, North Africa, South Europe, Syria (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Poaceae: Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Hyparrhenia sp., Lolium perenne L., Paspalum dilatatum Poir., Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov., Oryza sativa L., Stenotaphrum dimidiatum (L.) Brongn., Zea mays L.. (De Prins & De Prins 2018;). Known as tropical grass webworm—its larvae feed on various grasses of the Poaceae family and it is a pest of turf and pastures (Wikipedia 2018).

36. Herpetogramma basalis (Walker, 1866)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Botys apertalis Walker, 1866;

= Botys inanitalis Lederer, 1863;

= Pyrausta dorsipunctalis Rebel, 1892;

= Pyrausta dorcalis Alphéraki, 1889.

Material:

69 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 03.09.–17.11.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical. In Africa: Kenya, Réunion, Seychelles, South Africa (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Oriental: Sri Lanka (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Amaranthaceae: Amaranthus sp., Beta vulgaris L.; Verbenaceae: Lantana camara L.; Cucurbitaceae and Brassicaceae (Wikipedia 2018).

37. Hodebertia testalis (Fabricius, 1794)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Botys albidalis (Walker, 1866);

= Botys incoloralis (Guenée, 1854);

= Botys melonalis (Walker, 1859b);

= Botys perpendiculalis (Duponchel, 1833);

= Botys ruficostalis (Lederer, 1855);

= Margaronia putrescens (Meyrick, 1934);

= Pyrausta phyllidalis Schaus, 1940;

= Spilodes nitetisalis (Walker, 1859b).

Material:

2 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 04–25.05.2014, leg. Kravchenko 1 ex. same data except the date 03.07.2014 and 1 ex. same data except the date 13.10.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical. In Africa: Botswana, Comoros, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Réunion, Saint Helena, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Yemen, Zambia (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Australasian: Australia; Neotropical: Cuba; Oriental: India, Malaysia, Myanmar; Palaearctic: N. Africa, S. Europe, Syria (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Malvaceae: Hibiscus sp.; Apocynaceae: Gomphocarpus sp.; Asclepias curassavica L.; Stapelia sp., Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. (Nuss et al. 2003–2018; De Prins & De Prins 2018).

38. Hydriris ornatalis (Duponchel, 1832)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Botys invenustalis Walker, 1866;

= Cataclysta fraterna Butler, 1875;

= Ercta ornatalis orientalis Yamanaka, 1972;

= Nymphula bifascialis Heeger, 1838;

= Nymphula saturnalis Treitschke, 1835;

= Spanista saturalis Swinhoe, 1889;

= Pyralis deciusalis Walker, 1859c;

= Stenia pulchellalis Mabille, 1879.

Material:

3 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 23.01.–04.02.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al., 5 ex. 05.09.–08.11.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical, penetrates to Palaearctic. In Africa: British Indian Ocean Territory, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Comoros, DR Congo, Egypt, Gambia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Réunion, Saint Helena, Seychelles, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in: Australasia: Australia; Oriental: India, Sri Lanka; Nearctics: North America and Palaearctics: Southern Europe (Wikipedia 2018).

Host-plants:

Convolvulaceae: Convolvulus arvensis L.; Ipomoea aquatic Forssk., I. batatas (L.) Lam., I. calophylla Fenzl; Fabaceae: Acacia monticola J.M.Black; Polygonaceae: Emex spinosa (L.) Campd.; Rosaceae: Malus pumila Mill. (Goff 2018).

39. Marasmia (=Cnaphalocrocis) trapezalis (Guenée, 1854)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Botys convectalis Walker, 1866;

= Botys creonalis Walker, 1859b;

= Botys neoclesalis Walker, 1859b;

= Botys suspicalis Walker, 1859b;

= Bradina andresi Rebel, 1912;

= Cnaphalocrocis bifurcalis Snellen, 1880;

= Dolichosticha perinephes Meyrick, 1886.

Material:

6 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 15.05.–05.06.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al., 41 ex. same data except the date 15.07.–21.10.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Pantropical, penetrates to Palaearctic. In Africa: Cameroon, DR Congo, Egypt, Gambia, Kenya, , Madagascar, Mauritius, Nigeria, Oman, Réunion, Saint Helena, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Australasia: Australia, Fiji, Palau, Polynesia; Neotropical: Dominican Republic, Mexico, Peru; Oriental: S. China, India, Indonesia (Sulawesi), Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Polyphagous. Poaceae: Brachiaria sp., Imperata cylindrical (L.) Raeusch., Oryza sativa L., Panicum maximum Jacq., P. trichocladum K. Schum., Paspalum notatum Flüggé, Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov., Saccharum officinarum L., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Triticum aestivum L., Zea mays L., (Goff 2018). Known as rice leaf folder—this species damages rice in Cameroon, Nigeria, Senegal and Togo (Heinrichs & Barrion 2004). It is also a pest of maize, sorghum and sugarcane.

40. Marasmia (=Cnaphalocrocis) poeyalis (Boisduval, 1833b)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Asopia venilialis (Walker, 1859a);

= Botys marisalis (Walker, 1859b);

= Botys ruralis (Walker, 1859b);

= Botys minutalis (Mabille, 1880);

= Lasiacme mimica (Warren, 1896);

= Marasmia cicatricosa (Lederer, 1863);

= Marasmia hampsoni (Rothschild, 1921);

= Marasmia rectistrigosa (Snellen, 1872).

Material:

2 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 06.08.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical. In Africa: British Indian Ocean Territory, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Comoros, DR Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, United Arab Emirates, Yemen (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Australasian: Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Solomon Islands; Oriental: India, Indonesia (Java), Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Sri Lanka; Palaearctic: Japan (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Poaceae: Oryza sativa L., Zea mays L. (Goff 2018).

41. Maruca vitrata (Fabricius, 1787)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Botys bifenestralis Mabille, 1880;

= Crochiphora testulalis Geyer in Hübner, 1832;

= Hydrocampe aquitilis Guérin-Méneville, 1832.

Material:

1 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 21.01.2017, leg. Kravchenko et al., 582 ex. same data except the date 04.08.–17.11.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Pantropical. In Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Réunion, Seychellens, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Neotropics, Oriental and Australian regions (Wikipedia 2018).

Host-plants:

Fabaceae: Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.,, Phaseolus vulgaris L., Pisum sativum L., Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.; Malvaceae: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.; Poaceae: Oryza sativa L., Solanaceae: Nicotiana tabacum L. (Goff 2018). Known as cowpea pod borer—pest of leguminous crops such as pigeon pea, cowpea, mung bean and soybean. Larvae feed on flower buds, flowers and young pods.

42. Nausinoe geometralis (Guenée, 1854)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Lepyrodes geometricalis Lederer, 1863.

Material:

4 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 03.04.–10.05.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical. In Africa: DR Congo, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Réunion, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Australasia: Australia; Oriental: India, Indonesia (Sulawesi, Sumatra), Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Oleaceae: Jasminum sp.; Rubiaceae: Gardenia sp. (Goff 2018).

43. Nausinoe quadrinalis (Guenée, 1854)

Material:

1 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 11.11.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical: Rwanda, Seychelles, South Africa, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

44. Nevrina sp.

(Fig. 17)

Material:

2 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 21.01.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

45. Notarcha quaternalis (Zeller, 1852)

Material:

3 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 09.02.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al., 3 ex. same data except the date 24.09.–28.10.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical: Botswana, Cape Verde, Comoros, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Réunion, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Australasia: Australia; Oriental: India, Palaearctic: Iran (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Malvaceae: Helicteres isora L., Grewia sp., Sida rhombifolia L.; . Rubiaceae: Porterandia scortechinii (King & Gamble) Ridl.; Theaceae: Schima noronhae Reinw (Goff 2018).

46. Omiodes indicata (Fabricius, 1775)

Material:

18 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 15.09.–28.10.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

In Africa: British Indian Ocean Territory, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Comoros, Congo, DR Congo, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, Nigeria, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Nearctic: North America; Neotropical: Antilles, Brazil, Dominican Republic, French Guiana, Guyana, Puerto Rico, Surinam; Oriental: Andamans, W. China, India, Indonesia (Java), Malaysia (Sarawak), Myanmar, Singapore, Sri Lanka (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Amaranthaceae: Beta vulgaris L.; Compositae: Chrysanthemum indicum L.; Colchicaceae: Gloriosa sp.; Fabaceae: Arachis hypogaea L., Calopogonium sp., Glycine max (L.) Merr., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., V. vexillata (L.) A.Rich.; Lamiaceae: Coleus sp.; Solanaceae: Nicotiana tabacum L.; Verbenaceae: Lantana camara L. Known as bean-leaf webworm moth - pest of soybean (Wikipedia, 2018).

47. Orphanostigma abruptalis (Walker, 1859)

(Fig. 19)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Asopia dotatalis (Walker, 1866);

= Asopia suffectalis (Walker, 1866);

= Syngamia aeruginosa Ghesquière, 1942.

Material:

8 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 01.09.–19.11.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical. In Africa: Cape Verde, DR Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Australasia: Australia, Fiji; Oriental: Andamans, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Asteraceae: Elephantopus sp. Lamiaceae: Coleus sp., Hyptis sp., Plectranthus rotundifolius (Poir.) Spreng, Plectranthus sp., Ocimum basilicum L., Ocimum sp., Mentha sp., Perilla sp., Malvaceae: Gossypium hirsutum L., Gossypium sp. Theaceae: Camellia japonica L. (De Prins & De Prins 2018). Known as leaf webber— major pest of coleus (Wikipedia 2018).

48. Palpita metallata (Fabricius, 1781)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Glyphodes ocellata Hampson, 1899;

= Glyphodes picticaudalis Hampson, 1908.

Material:

1 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 03.07.–03.09.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical: Angola, Cameroon, Comoros, DR Congo, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Apocynaceae: Funtumia elastica (Preuss) Stapf, Funtumia sp. (Lamborn 1914; Goff 2018).

49. Palpita vitrealis (Rossi, 1794)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Pyralis unionalis Hübner, 1796.

Material:

13 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 21–28.01.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al., 421 ex. same data except the date 14.05.–28.10.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Cosmopolitan. In Africa: Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Comoros, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Australasia: Australia; Oriental: South Asia; Palaearctic: Canary Islands, Japan, Madeira, South Europe (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Oleaceae: Fraxinus sp., Jasminum auriculatum Vahl, J. dichotomum Vahl, J. fluminense Vell., J. officinale L., J. sambac (L.) Aiton, Ligustrum sp., Olea europaea L., Phillyrea sp. (De Prins & De Prins 2018). Known as olive leaf moth—this pest is highly mobile having dispersed as far as northern Europe, such as Sweden and Poland. This species has also been recorded on wild olives in Southern Africa and jasmine in Kenya (Ghoneim 2015).

50. Pardomima callixantha (Martin, 1955)

Material:

30 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 22.01.–23.03.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al., 103 ex. same data except the date 07.06.–30.10.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical. In Africa: Angola, DR Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Sudan, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins,2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

51. Pardomima amyntusalis (Walker, 1859)

Material:

2 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 03.09.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical. Australia. In Africa: DR Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Zambia (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in: Oriental: India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Indonesia; Australasian: Australia (References).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

52. Parotis impia (Meyrick, 1934)

Material:

334 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 03.01.–05.04.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. 745 ex. same data except the date 05.05.–30.09.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical. DR Congo, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

53. Patania (=Pleuroptya) balteata (Fabricius, 1798)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Botys aurea Butler, 1879;

= Botys crocealis Duponchel, 1834;

= Botys aurantiacalis Fischer von Röslerstamm, 1840;

= Botys mysolalis Walker, 1866;

= Patania balteata africalis P. Leraut, 2005;

= Sylepta [sic] evergestialis Strand, 1918;

= Sylepta [sic] irregularis Rothschild, 1915.

Material:

3689 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 01.05.–31.07.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al., 171 ex. same data except the date 01.08.–19.11.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical, penetrates to Palaearctic. In Africa: Benin, Cameroon, Comoros, Congo, DR Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Madagascar, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Zambia (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Oriental: India, Taiwan; Palaearctic: China, Japan, South Europe (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Anacardiaceae: Anacardium occidentale L., Cotinus coggygria Scop., Pistacia terebinthus L., Pseudospondias microcarpa (A.Rich.) Engl., Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley, (De Prins & De Prins 2018); Fabaceae: Quercus serrata Murray, Castanea spp. (Wikipedia 2018); Urticaceae: Boehmeria stipularis Wedd. (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

54. Phostria hesusalis (Walker, 1859)

Material:

1 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 27.09.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical. Cameroon, Congo, DR Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

55. Poliobotys ablactalis (Walker, 1859)

Material:

2 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 29–30.10.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical. In Africa: Angola, Cameroon, DR Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mozambique, Réunion, Seychelles, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins, 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Australasia: Australia; Oriental: Indonesia (Borneo, Java, Sulawesi), Sri Lanka (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

56. Pycnarmon cribrata (Fabricius, 1794)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Aripana frenulalis Strand, 1918;

= Conchylodes corycialis Snellen, 1880;

= Conchylodes privalis Snellen, 1901;

= Spilomela caberalis Guenée, 1854;

= Zebronia cabiralis Walker, 1859a;

= Zebronia abdicalis Walker, 1859a.

Material:

7 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 14.09.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical. In Africa: DR Congo, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Oriental: China, India, Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi), Sri Lanka, Taiwan (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Primulaceae: Embelia tsjeriam-cottam (Roem. & Schult.) A.DC.; Lamiaceae: Ocimum tenuiflorum L.; Plectranthus parviflorus Willd., P. scutellarioides (L.) R.Br., Salvia coccinea Buc’hoz ex Etl. and Vitex sp. (Wikipedia 2018).

57. Pycnarmon sexpunctalis (Hampson, 1912)

Material:

8 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 01.09.–30.10.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical. DR Congo, Nigeria, Sierra Leone (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Apocynaceae: Funtumia elastica (Preuss) Stapf, Strophanthus sp. (De Prins & De Prins 2018; Wikipedia 2018).

58. Sameodes cancellalis (Zeller, 1852)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Hymenia meridionalis Walker, 1866;

= Lepyrodes lepidalis Walker, 1859a;

= Samea sidealis Walker, 1859c;

= Samea vespertinalis Saalmüller, 1880;

= Sameodes trithyralis Snellen, 1880;

= Stenia pipleisalis Walker, 1859a.

Material:

479 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 20.01.–11.11.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical, penetrates to Palaearctic. In Africa: British Indian Ocean Territory, Cameroon, Comoros, DR Congo, Gambia, Ghana, Madagascar, Malawi, Réunion, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Australasia: Australia; Oriental: India, Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi), Sri Lanka (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Fabaceae: Stylosanthes erecta P.Beauv.; Lamiaceae: Tectona grandis L.f.; Poaceae: Oryza sativa L. (Goff 2018).

59. Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius, 1775)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Hymenia exodias Meyrick, 1904;

= Nacoleia ancylosema Dognin, 1909;

= Phalaena angustalis Fabricius, 1787;

= Spoladea animalis Guenée, 1854.

Material:

1 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 24.02.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al., 359 ex. same data except the date 02.04.–12.11.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Pantropical, penetrates to Palaearctic. In Africa: British Indian Ocean Territory, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Comoros, DR Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Maldives, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Rwanda, Réunion, Saint Helena, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in: Australasian: Australia, Hawaii (Molokai), New Zealand, Rapa Island; Neotropical: Brazil, French Guiana; Oriental: Andamans, India, Indonesia (Java), Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan; Palaearctic: Canary Islands, Europe, China, Japan (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Polyphagous. Often on weeds Amaranthaceae: Altermanthera sp., Amaranthus sp., Chenopodium sp. Achyranthes aspera L., Bassia indica (Wight) A.J.Scott; Beta vulgaris L., Telanthera versicolor Regel; Aizoaceae: Trianthema portulacastrum L.; Brassicaceae: Brassica sp.; Fabaceae: Glycine max (L.) Merr., Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Known as beet webworm—damages spinach, beet, cotton, maize and soybean beet in tropical and sub-tropical countries (James et al. 2010; Ogbalu 2015; De Prins & De Prins 2018).

60. Stemorrhages sericea (Drury, 1773)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Botys thalassinalis Boisduval, 1833b;

= Geometra laterata Fabricius, 1794;

= Margarodes beryllalis Guenée, 1854;

= Margarodes sericeolalis Guenée, 1862;

= Margaronia congradalis Hübner, 1825;

= Phalaena polita Cramer, 1777.

Material:

40 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 06.07.–15.08.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical. Angola, Cameroon, Comoros, DR Congo, Gambia, Ghana, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Réunion, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, São Tomé & Principe, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Rubiaceae: Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis, Apocynaceae: Nerium oleander L., Tabernanthe iboga Baill., Tabernaemontana persicariifolia Jacq., T. divaricata (L.) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult.; Arecaceae: Raphia sp., Podocarpaceae: Afrocarpus usambarensis (Pilg.) C.N.Page (De Prins & De Prins 2018; Goff 2018).

61. Syllepte butlerii (Dewitz, 1881)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Sylepta [sic] clementsi Hampson, 1899.

Material:

4 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 25.07.–05.09.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical. Angola, Cameroon, DR Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Sierra Leone, Zambia (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

62. Syllepte ovialis (Walker, 1859)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Antigastra cinnamomalis Saalmüller, 1880;

= Botys aburalis Plötz, 1880;

= Syllepte ovialis serei Guillermet, 2008.

Material:

208 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 07.07.–19.11.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical. Cameroon, DR Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Réunion, South Africa, São Tomé & Principe, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Fabaceae: Cassia fistula L.; Vitaceae: Vitis vinifera L. (Goff 2018).

63. Syllepte sarronalis (Walker, 1859)

Material:

5 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 04.09.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical. Gambia, Sierra Leone, (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

64. Syllepte rogationis (Hampson, 1918)

(Fig. 16)

Material:

1 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 30.08.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical. Mozambique (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

65. Synclera traducalis (Zeller, 1852)

(Fig. 20)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Salbia achatinalis Guenée, 1862;

= Spilomela retinalis Lederer, 1857.

Material:

10 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 26.01.–19.06.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al., 178 ex. same data except the date 25.07.–19.11.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical, penetrates to Palaearctic. In Africa: Cameroon, DR Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Madagascar, Mozambique, Namibia, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Oriental: India, Malaysia, New Guinea, Sri Lanka; Palaearctic: Canary Islands, Cyprus, Israel, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Rhamnaceae: Gouania polygama (Jacq.) Urb., Ziziphus jujube Mill. (Goff 2018). Known as variegated pearl—pest of jujube.

66. Terastia africana Sourakov, 2015

Material:

175 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 03.01.–24.04.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al., 9 ex. same data except the date 06.06.–13.11.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical. Cameroon, DR Congo, Gambia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Seychelles, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Fabaceae: Erythrina abyssinica DC., E. mitis Jacq., E. variegata L., (Ghesquière 1942).

67. Ulopeza flavicepsalis Hampson, 1912

Material:

91ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 22.07.–19.11.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical. Cameroon, DR Congo, Sierra Leone (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

68. Ulopeza conigeralis Zeller, 1852

(Fig. 22)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Botys latiferalis Walker, 1966;

= Ulopeza phaeothoracica Hampson, 1912;

= Xacca trigonalis Walker, 1869.

Material:

9 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 15.09.–18.11.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical. Cameroon, Congo, DR Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Moringaceae: Moringa oleifera Lam. (Wikipedia 2018).

Family Pyralidae

Subfamily Phycitinae

69. Epicrocis laticostella (Ragonot, 1888)

Material:

2 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 26.02.–07.05.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical. South Africa, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

70. Maliarpha concinnella (Ragonot, 1888)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Biafra concinnella Ragonot, 1888;

= Biafra rhodinella Ragonot, 1888;

= Biafra taxiarcha Meyrick, 1935;

= Ethiotropa pyromerella Hampson, 1918;

= Singhalia haemocharis Meyrick, 1937.

Material:

43 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 14.09.–04.11.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical. DR Congo, Gambia, Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

71. Maliarpha separatella (Ragonot, 1888)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Anerastia pallidicosta Hampson, 1896;

= Enosima vectiferella Ragonot & Hampson, 1901.

Material:

131 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 13.09.–17.11.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical. In Africa: Cameroon, Comoros, DR Congo, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Nigeria, Réunion, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Oriental: China, India, Myanmar (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Larvae feed on various grasses, including Poaceae: Andropogon tectorum Schumach. & Thonn., Oryza sp., Saccharum sp., Sorghum sp. Zea mays L. Known as African white stemborer—this species is a pest of many crops, especially—sugar cane (Wikipedia 2018).

72. Hypargyria metalliferella (Ragonot, 1888)

Material:

6 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 14–30.09.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical. In Africa: Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Namibia, Saint Helena, South Africa (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Oriental: India (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Celastraceae: Catha edulis (Vahl) Endl.(De Prins & De Prins 2018), Siphonodon australis Benth. (Wikipedia 2018); Oleaceae: Olea sp. (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Subfamily Pyralinae

73. Endotricha erythralis (Mabille, 1900)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Endotricha rosellita Ghesquière, 1942.

Material:

7 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 18.10.–17.11.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical. DR Congo, Madagascar, Seychelles, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

74. Hypsotropa sp.

Material:

1 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 07.07.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

75. Hypsopygia bamakoensis (Leraut, 2006)

Material:

87 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 3.01.–27.06.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al., 14 ex. same data except the date 15.08.–17.11.2014 (SMNH).

Distribution:

Afrotropical. Central African Republic, Mali, Senegal (Leraut 2006).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

76. Hypsopygia mauritialis (Boisduval, 1833b)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Hypsopygia laticilialis Ragonot, 1891;

= Hypsopygia pfeifferi Amsel, 1954;

= Pyralis ducalis Walker, 1866;

= Pyralis lucillalis Walker, 1859a.

Material:

168 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 25.07.–30.09.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Palaeotropical with penetration to Palaearctic. In Africa: DR Congo, Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, Seychelles, Sudan (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Australasia: Australia, Hawaii; Oriental: Asia; Palaearctic: China, Iran (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Larvae develop in wasp (Hymenoptera: Vespinae) nests (Goff 2018)

77. Pyralis farinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Asopia domesticalis Zeller, 1847.

Material:

2 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 29–30.01.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Cosmopolitan. In Africa: Saint Helena, Seychelles South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record).

Host-plants:

Pest of stored food plants, especially milled plant products (Wikipedia 2018).

78. Pyralis pictalis (Curtis, 1834)

Synonymy follows Nuss et al. (2003–2018):

= Pyralis pronoealis Walker, 1859c;

= Pyralis proximalis Walker, 1862.

Material:

10 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 24.03.–05.04.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Distribution:

Cosmopolitan. In Africa: DR Congo, Madagascar, Réunion, United Arab Emirates, Yemen (De Prins & De Prins 2018) and Mali (new record). Also in Oriental: India, Malaysia [Sarawak], Sri Lanka; Palaearctic: Netherlands, United Kingdom [introduced] (De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Host-plants:

Decaying vegetable matter. Pest of stored food plants (Wikipedia 2018).

79. Pyralis sp.

Material:

12 ex. Mali, Bamako, Ouronina 12°5’39.78”N 8°24’3.16”W, 25.02.–14.08.2014, leg. Kravchenko et al. (SMNH).

Host-plants:

Unknown.

Discussion

Due to the absence of any published records of the Pyraloidea from Mali, all of our records are new for this country. Seventeen species are also new for West Africa: Eoophyla platyxantha, Ancylolomia simplella, A. prepiella, Autocharis jacobsalis, Euclasta warreni, Hodebertia testalis, Herpetogramma basalis, Glyphodes bitriangulalis, Terastia africana, Syllepte rogationis, Orphanostigma abruptalis, Agrotera rufitinctalis, Nausinoe quadrinalis, Hypsopygia mauritialis, Pyralis farinalis, P. pictalis and Nevrina sp.

The most common subfamily is Spilomelinae (family Crambidae), which includes 54 species (table 1). The majority of collected species have a wide distribution pattern; 5 species are even cosmopolitan. The only regional endemic species is Hypsopygia bamakoensis. The most common biogeographical categories are Afrotropical (34 species), Palaeotropical (17 species) and Palaeotropical with penetration to Palaearctic (12 species); 83.5% of collected species fall into these biogeographical categories.

TABLE 1.

Distribution of Pyraloidea species according to subfamilies and biogeographical categories.

Distribution pattern	Subfamilies
	Spilomelinae	Pyralinae	Pyraustinae	Odontiinae	Acentropinae	Crambinae	Phycitinae	Total
Afrotropical	22	2	2	1	1	4	2	34
Palaeotropical + Palaearctic	10	1	1					12
Palaeotropical	12		2	1			2	17
Pantropical + Palaearctic	5							5
Cosmopolitan	3	2	1		1			7
Pantropical	1							1
Species not identified	1	2						3
Total	54	7	6	2	2	4	4	79

Conclusion

Most of the species in our collection were represented by only a few specimens. Seventeen species accounted for more than 90% of all specimens collected (Fig. 23). The most common species, Patania balteata, comprises 40.0% of all specimens collected. It is known as a pest of mango trees, which are common in the light-trapping area. Other common pests are Maruca vitrata, accounts for 6% of specimens which damages leguminous crops; P. vitrealis (4.5%) develops on jasmine and wild olives; and Spoladea recurvalis (3.7%) damages beets, maize and soybean, which are typical crops in the area. Another 13 pest species are rare in the collecting area: Maliarpha separatella, Omiodes indicata, Synclera traducalis, Haritalodes derogata, Ghesquierellana hirtusalis, Parapoynx fluctuosalis, Pyralis pictalis, Pyrausta phoenicealis, Herpetogramma licarsisalis, Marasmia trapezalis, Diaphania indica, Orphanostigma abruptalis, Pyralis farinalis.

FIGURE 23.

Occurrence in percentages of the 17 most common species with number of specimens collected. White bars = known pest species.

Altogether 164 host plants of caterpillars are mentioned in the list of pyralids above. The host plants for 30 Pyraloidea species are not known.