Figure 9.

Examples of redundant and cryptic enhancers. (A) All fragments driving broad abdominal expression are shown for D. melanogaster, D. pseudoobscura, and D. willistoni. Although similar expression patterns driven by adjacent fragments might be caused by their overlapping sequences, similar expression patterns driven by nonadjacent fragments (e.g., mel_A1 and mel_A3) must be driven by independent sequences. Schematic representations of the full expression pattern for each fragment are the same as shown in Figure 7. (B) Expression in the A5 and A6 abdominal segments, driven by the full 5′ intergenic (“will_5’_full”) and full intronic (“will_int_full”) sequences from D. willistoni, as well as the subfragments will_C1, will_C2, will_C3, will_C4, and will_C10, are shown. Note that the full 5′ intergenic and intronic regions drive expression in these segments that is similar between males and females, yet the subfragments shown all drive sexually dimorphic expression in abdominal segment A5 and/or A6.