Specific growth and carbon fixation rates for “Ca. Thioglobus autotrophicus” under various growth conditions. (A to C) Maximum culture cell density (A), specific growth rates (B) and carbon fixation rates (C) in media amended with 0.01, 1, 10, and 100 μM sulfide, thiosulfate, or thiotaurine. Each data point was calculated from individual growth curves conducted in triplicate (see also Fig. S2). Error bars (standard deviation [SD]) are either shown for each data point or are masked by the symbol. The dashed line in panel C corresponds to estimates of SUP05 carbon fixation in field studies (10, 11). All cultures were inoculated with cells that were starved for sulfur after two successive transfers into sulfur deplete media as previously described (15).