Table 1.
Fire retardant properties of 100% PLA, the PLA/APP and PLA/APP/KL IFR composites.
| No | Formulations | PLA % (w/w) | APP % (w/w) | KL % (w/w) | LOI% | UL-94 | Dripping |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | PLA | 100 | 0 | 0 | 20.1 | Failed | Y/Y |
| 2 | PLA/APP5 | 95 | 5 | 0 | 23.2 | V-2 | Y/Y |
| 3 | PLA/APP10 | 90 | 10 | 0 | 25.7 | V-1 | Y/Y |
| 4 | PLA/APP15 | 85 | 15 | 0 | 29.4 | V-1 | N/Y |
| 5 | PLA/APP20 | 80 | 20 | 0 | 33.5 | V-1 | N/Y |
| 6 | PLA/APP20/PER3 | 77 | 20 | 3 | 33.9 | V-1 | N/Y |
| 7 | PLA/APP20/PER5 | 75 | 20 | 5 | 34.4 | V-1 | N/Y |
| 8 | PLA/APP20/KL3 | 77 | 20 | 3 | 36.6 | V-0 | N/N |
| 9 | PLA/APP20/KL5 | 75 | 20 | 5 | 37.8 | V-0 | N/N |
PLA = Polylactic acid, APP = Ammonium polyphosphate, KL = Kraft lignin, LOI = Limiting Oxygen Index, N/Y corresponds to NO/YES for dripping in first/second flame application.