Fig. 2.
The role of insulin sensitivity in the association between serum magnesium levels and prediabetes/diabetes. The association was modelled using a mediation analysis, with insulin resistance calculated as loge HOMA-IR levels. (a) The association with diabetes was studied in participants without diabetes at baseline. The direct effect of serum magnesium levels on incident diabetes was found not to be significant when adjusting for loge HOMA-IR levels. The indirect effect, which represents the effect of serum magnesium levels on diabetes as mediated by loge HOMA-IR levels, was found to be significant. (b) The association with prediabetes was studied in participants with normal blood glucose at baseline. The direct effect of serum magnesium levels on incident prediabetes was found not to be significant when adjusting for loge HOMA-IR levels. The indirect effect was found to be significant