Table 2.
Probiotic Strain | Type of Study | Regimen | Findings | Clinical Outcomes | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
B. longum | 66 female volunteers with reactive skin participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | Skin application, twice daily for 2 months | ↓TEWL | Increased skin hydration and resistance to physical aggression, while limiting skin sensitivity | [41] |
L. brevis DSM17250 | 30 volunteers with xerosis symptoms participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double blinded pilot study | Skin application, twice daily for 4 weeks | ↑Natural skin microbiota ↓DASI ↓TEWL |
L. brevis supported the proliferation of S. epidermidis, resulting in symptom resolution | [43] |
L. rhamnosus SP1 | 20 adult volunteers with acne participated in a pilot, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial | Consumption of liquid supplement once daily for 12 weeks, 3 × 109 CFU/day | ↓IGF-1 ↑FOXO1 |
Improvement in skin appearance | [47] |
B. infantis 35624 | 26 adult psoriasis patients and 36 healthy volunteers participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study | Oral administration, once daily for 6–12 weeks (1 × 1010 CFU) | ↓CRP ↓TNF-α |
Systemic inflammation decrease | [50] |
L. plantarum IS-10506 | 22 children with mild and moderate AD participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | Oral administration, twice daily for 12 weeks (1010 CFU/day) | ↓SCORAD ↑FOXP3+/IL-10 |
Th2 adaptive immune response was suppressed resulting in clinical improvement | [53] |
L. acidophilus L-92 | 49 AD patients participated in a double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study | Oral consumption, once daily for 8 weeks | ↓SCORAD ↓eosinophil count ↑TGF-β |
Suppression of Th2-dominant inflammation and clinical improvement | [54] |
L. johnsonii NCC 533 | 31 AD patients participated in an open-label, multicenter study | Local application, twice daily for 3 weeks | Stable S. aureus load ↓SCORAD | S. aureus colonization was controlled, followed by local clinical improvement of lesioned skin | [59] |
DermaACB | 62 consecutive patients with aged skin after fractional CO2 laser treatment | Skin application, twice daily for 2 weeks | ↓erythema, swelling downtime | Post-operative inflammation signs were reduced | [74] |
TEWL: trans-epidermal water loss; DASI: dry skin area and severity index; CFU: colony forming units; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor-1; FOXO1: forkhead box protein O1; CRP: C-reactive protein; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; AD: atopic dermatitis; SCORAD: scoring atopic dermatitis; FOXP3+: forkhead box protein P3; IL-10: interleukin-10; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β (↑: upregulation, ↓: downregulation).