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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 21.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2019 Feb 14;176(5):1206–1221.e18. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.01.024

Figure 2. GABAergic Neurons Are Required for Natural Pup Grooming in Females.

Figure 2.

(A) Schematic of viral injection and fiber implantation strategy for eNpHR inhibition.

(B) Example image of injection site and viral expression. Scale bar = 200 µm.

(C) Representative raster plots of control and eNpHR animals illustrating suppression of pup grooming during photostimulation.

(D-E) Distribution of pup grooming episodes in control and eNpHR animals (percentage of trials showing pup grooming at different time points) with respect to stimulation onset.

(F) Half-time of pup grooming suppression in control and eNpHR animals (STAR Methods).

(G, I) Average time until termination of pup grooming (G) or crouching (I) following stimulation initiation. Trials that did not show any termination of behavior were considered as a 5 second offset, or the duration of stimulation.

(H) Average duration of pup retrieval during stimulation (STAR Methods).

(J-L) Average percentage of trials showing termination of pup grooming (J), uninterrupted retrieval (K), and uninterrupted crouching (L).

eNpHR, grooming, n = 70 trials; retrieval, n = 28 trials; crouching, n = 29 trials (6 mice); control, grooming, n = 71 trials; retrieval, n = 61 trials; crouching, n = 50 trials (7 mice). Mean ± SEM. Wilcoxon rank-sum test. n.s. not significant, ***p < 0.001.

See also Figure S1.