Figure 3.

Results of deformation-based morphometry in the brainstem. Clusters of local contraction in PD-RBD vs controls were found within the pontomedullary reticular formation (green and blue clusters) and the midbrain tegmentum (blue, yellow, and pink clusters). Local contraction in PD-nRBD vs controls was found in the midbrain and within the basilar pons at the midbrain junction (red cluster). Results are presented at p < 0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons (FWE), with age, gender, education, UPDRS-III, and MCI status as covariates. FWE = family-wise error; MCI = mild cognitive impairment; PD-RBD = Parkinson’s disease with REM sleep behavior disorder; PD-nRBD = PD without RBD; UPDRS-III = Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Part III.