Table 1:

Commercially available open-air imaging systems for image-guided surgery [12, 14, 54].

Device	Company	Mode	Excitation source	# of channels	Image overlay	Excitation (nm)	FOV (cm2)	WD (cm)	Sensitivity	FDA approval
SPY Elite	Novadaq	Open-air	LD	2	Yes	805	19 × 14	~30	5	2005
FL800	Leica	Surgical microscope	Xenon	2	Yes	700−800	NA	NA	NA	2006
Infrared 800	Zeiss	Surgical microscope	Xenon	2	Yes	700−780	NA	20–63	NA	2010
PDE	Hamamatsu	Handheld	LED	1	No	760	5 × 5−10 × 6.7	~20	15	2012
Firefly for Da Vinci	Novadaq/Intuitive	Robotic	LD	2	No	805−830	NA	NA	NA	2014
Fluobeam	Fluoptics	Handheld	LD	1	No	680 or 750	2.2 × 1.5−20 × 14	25−50	5	2014
Artemis (Spectrum)	Quest	Open-air	LED	3	Yes	400−1000	2.2 × 2.2	~5	10	2015
	Medical
Vision-Sense	Iridium	Open-air	LD	2	Yes	805	19 × 14	~30	0.05	2015
Vitom ICG	Karl Storz	Open-air laparoscopy	Xenon	2	No	NA	NA	20−30	NA	2016
Pinpoint	Novadaq	Endoscopy	LD	2	Yes	805	NA	32	NA	2016
SPY PHI	Novadaq	Handheld	LD	2	No	806	7.6 × 5.0 19 × 13	30	NA	2017

FOV, Field-of-view; WD, working distance; NA, not available.