. 2019 May 6;8(5):153. doi: 10.3390/foods8050153

Table 2.

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of total phenolic compounds in the germinated buckwheat under 150 μM jasmonic acid and 0.1% chitosan time-course treatment (μg/g (dw)).

	Benzoic Acid	Caffeic Acid	Catechin	Chlorogenic Acid	(−)-Epicatechin	Gallic Acid	Rutin	Total
Control 6 h	81.96 ± 4.91 ^abc,¹	74.93 ± 2.37 ^def	57.21 ± 2.11 ^c	55.72 ± 2.24 ^c	43.13 ± 5.89 ^de	6.78 ± 0.86 ^defgh	371.84 ± 81.94 ^d	691.57 ± 97.47 ^de
Control 12 h	83.82 ± 3.10 ^ab	74.29 ± 2.57 ^def	66.30 ± 3.85 ^c	59.91 ± 3.24 ^c	39.60 ± 1.00 ^de	8.03 ± 0.45 ^cd	428.66 ± 6.33 ^cd	760.60 ± 6.96 ^de
Control 24 h	83.27 ± 1.96 ^ab	76.44 ± 3.48 ^cdef	65.97 ± 2.04 ^c	61.52 ± 0.97 ^c	34.10 ± 1.41 ^de	6.98 ± 0.36 ^defgh	418.00 ± 16.50 ^cd	746.28 ± 23.56 ^de
Control 48 h	71.64 ± 9.63 ^de	84.56 ± 8.24 ^bc	99.05 ± 15.37 ^b	105.81 ± 32.67 ^b	135.74 ± 95.97 ^c	7.91 ± 1.56 ^cde	291.20 ± 100.31 ^e	795.91 ± 95.38 ^cd
Control 72 h	74.48 ± 5.27 ^cde	77.99 ± 1.54 ^cde	56.18 ± 2.37 ^c	58.92 ± 1.52 ^c	44.44 ± 8.55 ^de	6.09 ± 0.19 ^h	424.42 ± 0.96 ^cd	736.43 ± 11.35 ^de
Chitosan 6 h	80.78 ± 2.42 ^abc	69.16 ± 1.78 ^ef	52.53 ± 0.87 ^c	57.24 ± 1.58 ^c	23.58 ± 2.47 ^e	7.83 ± 0.63 ^cde	346.41 ± 12.92 ^de	637.53 ± 14.44 ^e
Chitosan 12 h	80.59 ± 3.57 ^abc	67.95 ± 1.60 ^f	54.11 ± 3.32 ^c	55.47 ± 0.79 ^c	20.00 ± 3.43 ^e	6.33 ± 0.22 ^fgh	346.22 ± 23.57 ^de	630.67 ± 34.24 ^e
Chitosan 24 h	80.64 ± 0.57 ^abc	67.89 ± 2.22 ^f	57.30 ± 0.63 ^c	55.36 ± 0.04 ^c	21.26 ± 1.66 ^e	6.45 ± 0.25 ^efgh	367.70 ± 26.01 ^de	656.61 ± 25.54 ^de
Chitosan 48 h	78.79 ± 0.43 ^abcd	73.47 ± 1.71 ^def	70.25 ± 9.12 ^c	72.28 ± 9.49 ^c	55.14 ± 28.34 ^de	6.14 ± 0.29 ^gh	408.89 ± 15.52 ^cd	764.96 ± 63.46 ^de
Chitosan 72 h	58.17 ± 4.38 ^f	81.25 ± 4.12 ^cd	96.59 ± 8.06 ^b	99.66 ± 2.91 ^b	98.51 ± 17.90 ^cd	9.19 ± 1.91 ^bc	465.76 ± 50.35 ^c	909.12 ± 76.28 ^c
Jasmonic acid 6 h	77.14 ± 2.18 ^abcd	76.42 ± 4.33 ^cdef	55.06 ± 0.83 ^c	60.78 ± 0.41 ^c	39.81 ± 6.70 ^de	7.58 ± 0.09 ^defg	408.23 ± 16.91 ^cd	725.03 ± 29.48 ^de
Jasmonic acid 12 h	76.13 ± 2.83 ^bcd	74.11 ± 1.01 ^def	56.20 ± 0.54 ^c	69.99 ± 1.64 ^c	40.19 ± 0.48 ^de	8.04 ± 0.26 ^cd	418.48 ± 18.94 ^cd	743.15 ± 20.99 ^de
Jasmonic acid 24 h	74.63 ± 2.15 ^cde	80.45 ± 2.57 ^cd	62.54 ± 2.92 ^c	70.34 ± 0.60 ^c	38.88 ± 6.56 ^de	7.69 ± 0.42 ^def	395.77 ± 18.89 ^cd	730.30 ± 22.81 ^de
Jasmonic acid 48 h	84.85 ± 3.43 ^a	91.14 ± 5.84 ^b	165.89 ± 51.97 ^a	109.62 ± 20.75 ^b	202.38 ± 89.88 ^b	9.79 ± 0.35 ^b	541.76 ± 68.57 ^b	1205.4 ± 240.79 ^b
Jasmonic acid 72 h	68.17 ± 3.74 ^e	115.63 ± 11.79 ^a	98.80 ± 23.94 ^b	165.33 ± 22.43 ^a	353.8 ± 13.17 ^a	12.17 ± 0.85 ^a	1011.30 ± 3.11 ^a	1824.6 ± 72.80 ^a

¹ Means with different letters in the same column differ significantly (p < 0.05, Duncan multiple range test (DMRT)).