. 2019 May 17;11(5):452. doi: 10.3390/v11050452

Table 1.

Host Range for Orthohepevirus A.

Animals Susceptible to Orthohepevirus A Infection
Animal Species	Scientific Name	Genotype	Serology/Genome Detection^a	Infection Type	References
Animal Species	Order	Genotype	Serology/Genome Detection^a	Infection Type	References
African green monkey	Chlorocebus sabaeus	HEV 1-2	+/ND	Experimental	Doceul et al. [34]
African green monkey	Primate	HEV 1-2	+/ND	Experimental	Doceul et al. [34]
American bison	Bison bison	?^b	+/-	Natural	Dong et al. [35]
American bison	Artiodactyla	?^b	+/-	Natural	Dong et al. [35]
Asiatic black bear	Ursus thibetanus	HEV 4	ND/+	Natural	Zhang et al. [36]
Asiatic black bear	Perissodactyla	HEV 4	ND/+	Natural	Zhang et al. [36]
Bactrian camel	Camelus bactrianus	HEV 8	+/+	Natural	Woo et al. [37], Rasche et al. [38]
Bactrian camel	Artiodactyla	HEV 8	+/+	Natural	Woo et al. [37], Rasche et al. [38]
Bonnet macaque	Macaca radiata	HEV 1	+/+	Natural	Arankalle et al. [39]
Bonnet macaque	Primate	HEV 1	+/+	Natural	Arankalle et al. [39]
Bottlenose dolphin	Tursiops truncatus	HEV 3	+/+	Natural	Montalvo Villalba et al. [40]
Bottlenose dolphin	Cetacea	HEV 3	+/+	Natural	Montalvo Villalba et al. [40]
Cape buffalo	Syncerus caffer	? ^b	+/ND	Natural	El-Tras et al. [41]
Cape buffalo	Artiodactyla	? ^b	+/ND	Natural	El-Tras et al. [41]
Cat	Felis catus silvestris	? ^b	+/-	Natural	Liang et al. [42], Mochizuki et al. [43]
Cat	Carnivora	? ^b	+/-	Natural	Liang et al. [42], Mochizuki et al. [43]
Dairy cattle, yellow, Holstein Frisian	Bos Taurus primigenius	HEV 4, ? ^b	+/+	Natural	Arankalle et al. [44], El-Tras et al. [41], Yan et al. [45], Huang et al. [46]
Dairy cattle, yellow, Holstein Frisian	Artiodactyla	HEV 4, ? ^b	+/+	Natural
Chimpanzee	Pan troglodytes	HEV 1-4	+/+	Experimental Natural	Yu et al. [47], Arankalle et al. [48], Meng et al. [49], Yugo et al. [50], Zhou et al. [51], Spahr et al. [52]
Chimpanzee	Primate	HEV 1-4	+/+	Experimental Natural
Clams (Yamato-shijimi)	Corbicula japonica	HEV 3	ND/+	Natural	Li et al. [53]
Clams (Yamato-shijimi)	Veneroida	HEV 3	ND/+	Natural	Li et al. [53]
Clouded leopard	Neofelis nebulosa	HEV 4	ND/+	Natural	Zhang et al. [36]
Clouded leopard	Carnivora	HEV 4	ND/+	Natural	Zhang et al. [36]
Crowned crane	Balearica regulorum	HEV 4	ND/+	Natural	Zhang et al. [36]
Crowned crane	Gruiformes	HEV 4	ND/+	Natural	Zhang et al. [36]
Cynomolgus macaque	Macaca fascicularis	HEV 1-5, 8	+/+	Experimental Natural	Balayan et al. [54], Tsarev et al. [55], Bradley et al. [56], Aggarwal et al. [57], de Carvalho et al. [58], Li et al. [59], Wang et al. [60]
Cynomolgus macaque	Primate	HEV 1-5, 8	+/+	Experimental Natural
Dog	Canis lupis familiaris	HEV 4? ^b	+/-	Natural	Liu et al. [61], Liang et al. [42], McElroy et al. [62], Arankalle et al. [44]
Dog	Carnivora	HEV 4? ^b	+/-	Natural
Domestic Pig	Sus scrofa domestica	HEV 3, 4	+/+	Experimental Natural	Meng et al. [63],
Domestic Pig	Artiodactyla	HEV 3, 4	+/+	Experimental Natural	Meng et al. [63],
Donkey	Equus africanus	HEV 3	ND/+	Natural	Garcia-Bocanegra et al. [64]
Donkey	Perissodactyla	HEV 3	ND/+	Natural	Garcia-Bocanegra et al. [64]
Dromedary camel	Camelua dromedarius	HEV 7	+/+	Natural	Woo et al. [37], Rasche et al. [38]
Dromedary camel	Artiodactyla	HEV 7	+/+	Natural	Woo et al. [37], Rasche et al. [38]
Eastern owl monkey	Aotus trivirgatus	HEV 1, 2	+/+	Experimental	Yugo et al. [40], Ticehurst et al. [65]
Eastern owl monkey	Primate	HEV 1, 2	+/+	Experimental	Yugo et al. [40], Ticehurst et al. [65]
European brown hare	Lepus europaeus	HEV 3? ^b	+/-	Natural	Hammershmidt et al. [66]
European brown hare	Lagomorpha	HEV 3? ^b	+/-	Natural	Hammershmidt et al. [66]
Farmed mink	Neovison vison	HEV 3	ND/+	Natural	Xie et al. [67]
Farmed mink	Carnivora	HEV 3	ND/+	Natural	Xie et al. [67]
Goat	Capra hircus aegagrus	HEV 3, 4	+/+	Natural	Peralta et al. [68], El-Tras et al. [41], Sanford et al. [69], Di Martina et al. [70], Li et al. [71], Long et al. [70]
Goat	Artiodactyla	HEV 3, 4	+/+	Natural
Gray langur	Semnoppithecus entellus	HEV 1	+/+	Natural	Arankalle et al. [39]
Gray langur	Primate	HEV 1	+/+	Natural	Arankalle et al. [39]
Himalayan griffon	Gyps himalayensis	HEV 3	ND/+	Natural	Li et al. [72]
Himalayan griffon	Accipitriformes	HEV 3	ND/+	Natural	Li et al. [72]
Horse	Equus caballus ferus	HEV 1,3	+/+	Natural	Saad et al. [33], Zhang et al. [73]
Horse	Perissodactyla	HEV 1,3	+/+	Natural	Saad et al. [33], Zhang et al. [73]
Human	Homo sapiens	HEV 1-4, 7	+/+	Natural Experimental	Balayan et al. [54], Arankalle et al. [74], Huang et al. [75], Meng et al. [63], Hsieh et al. [76], Lee et al. [77]
Human	Primate	HEV 1-4, 7	+/+	Natural Experimental
Japanese macaque	Macaca fuscata	HEV 3	+/+	Natural	Yamamoto et al. [78]
Japanese macaque	Primate	HEV 3	+/+	Natural	Yamamoto et al. [78]
Japanese white rabbit	Oryctologus cuniculus domesticus	HEV 3	ND/+	Experimental Natural	Xia et al. [79]
Japanese white rabbit	Lagomorpha	HEV 3	ND/+	Experimental Natural	Xia et al. [79]
Javan mongoose	Herpestes javanicus	HEV 3	+/+	Natural	Li et al. [80], Nakamura et al. [81], Nidaira et al. [82]
Javan mongoose	Carnivora	HEV 3	+/+	Natural	Li et al. [80], Nakamura et al. [81], Nidaira et al. [82]
Mongolian gerbil	Meriones unguiculatus	HEV 4	+/+	Experimental	Liu et al. [83]
Mongolian gerbil	Rodentia	HEV 4	+/+	Experimental	Liu et al. [83]
Moustached tamarin	Saguinus mystax mystax	HEV 1,2	+/+	Experimental	Bradley et al. [56]
Moustached tamarin	Primate	HEV 1,2	+/+	Experimental	Bradley et al. [56]
Mussels (Blue mussel, Mediterranean mussel, Pacific mussel),	Mytilus edulis, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Crassostrea gigas	HEV 3	ND/+	Natural	O’Hara et al. [84], Krog et al. [85], Diez-Valcarce et al. [86], Crossan et al. [30]
	Ostreoida	HEV 3	ND/+	Natural
Norwegian rat	Rattus norvegicus	HEV 3	+/+	Natural	Kanai et al. [87], Lack et al. [88]
Norwegian rat	Rodentia	HEV 3	+/+	Natural	Kanai et al. [87], Lack et al. [88]
Patas monkey	Erythrocebus patas	HEV 1, 2	ND/+	Experimental	Yugo et al. [50]
Patas monkey	Primate	HEV 1, 2	ND/+	Experimental	Yugo et al. [50]
Rabbit New Zealand White, Rex, Japanese White	Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus	HEV 3	+/+	Experimental Natural	Cossaboom et al. [89], Izopet et al. [90], Carusoet al. [91], Hammerschmidt et al. [66], Birke et al, [92], Zhao et al. [93], Genget al. [94], Xia et al. [79]
Rabbit New Zealand White, Rex, Japanese White	Lagomorpha	HEV 3	+/+	Experimental Natural
Raccoon	Procyon lotor	? ^b	+/-	Natural	Dähnert et al. [95]
Raccoon	Carnivora	? ^b	+/-	Natural	Dähnert et al. [95]
Raccoon dog	Nyctereutes procyonoides	? ^b	+/-	Natural	Dähnert et al. [95]
Raccoon dog	Carnivora	? ^b	+/-	Natural	Dähnert et al. [95]
Red deer	Cervus elaphus	HEV 3	-/+	Natural	Forgách [96] et al, Anheyer-Behmenburg et al. [97]
Red deer	Artiodactyla	HEV 3	-/+	Natural	Forgách [96] et al, Anheyer-Behmenburg et al. [97]
Reeves’ muntjac	Muntiacus reevesi	HEV 4	ND/+	Natural	Zhang et al. [73]
Reeves’ muntjac	Artiodactyla	HEV 4	ND/+	Natural	Zhang et al. [73]
Rhesus macaque	Macaca mulatta	HEV 1-4	+/+	Experimental Natural	Arankalle et al. [39], Yamamoto et al. [78], Meng et al. [49], Huang et al. [98]
Rhesus macaque	Primate	HEV 1-4	+/+	Experimental Natural
Roe deer	Capreolus capreolus	HEV 3	-/+	Natural	Reuter et al. [99], Forgách et al. [96] 2010, Anheyer-Behmenburg et al. [97]
Roe deer	Artiodactyla	HEV 3	-/+	Natural
Sheep	Ovis aries orientalis	HEV 3, 4	+/+	Natural	El-Tras et al. [41], Peralta et al. [68], Sarchese et al. [100], Wu et al. [101]
Sheep	Artiodactyla	HEV 3, 4	+/+	Natural
Sika deer	Cervus nippon nippon	HEV 3,4	+/+	Natural	Sonoda et al. [102], Zhang et al. [73]
Sika deer	Artiodactyla	HEV 3,4	+/+	Natural	Sonoda et al. [102], Zhang et al. [73]
Silver pheasant	Lophura nycthemera	HEV 4	ND/+	Natural	Zhang et al. [36]
Silver pheasant	Galliformes	HEV 4	ND/+	Natural	Zhang et al. [36]
Squirrel monkey	Saimiri sciureus	HEV 1,2	+/+	Experimental	Tsarev et al. [55]
Squirrel monkey	Primate	HEV 1,2	+/+	Experimental	Tsarev et al. [55]
Swedish moose	Alces alces	HEV ? ^c	+/+	Natural	Lin et al. [103], Lin et al. [4]
Swedish moose	Artiodactyla	HEV ? ^c	+/+	Natural	Lin et al. [103], Lin et al. [4]
Tufted deer	Elaphodus cephalophus	HEV 4	ND/+	Natural	Zhang et al. [73]
Tufted deer	Artiodactyla	HEV 4	ND/+	Natural	Zhang et al. [73]
Vervet monkey	Chlorocebus pygerythrus	HEV 1,2	ND/+	Experimental	Tsarev et al. [55]
Vervet monkey	Primate	HEV 1,2	ND/+	Experimental	Tsarev et al. [55]
Wild boar	Sus scrofa	HEV 3,4,5,6	+/+	Natural	Sonoda et al. [102], Martelli et al, De Deus et al. [104], Adlhoch et al. [105], Wiratsudakulet al. [106], Kaci et al. [107], Dong et al. [35], Takahashi et al. [108], Takahashi et al. [109], Larska et al. [110], Carpentier et al. [111], Anheyer-Behmenburg et al. [97]
Wild boar	Artiodactyla	HEV 3,4,5,6	+/+	Natural
Yak	Bos grunniens	HEV 4	+/+	Natural	Xu et al. [112]
Yak	Artiodactyla	HEV 4	+/+	Natural	Xu et al. [112]
Yezo deer	Cervus nippon yesoensis	HEV 3 or 4? ^b	+/-	Natural	Sonoda et al. [102], Tomiyama et al. [113]
Yezo deer	Artiodactyla	HEV 3 or 4? ^b	+/-	Natural	Sonoda et al. [102], Tomiyama et al. [113]

Table 1. Animals known to be associated with Orthohepevirus A infection. Text in bold indicates taxonomic order. For serology/genome detection “+” is any reported positive result, “-“ indicates assays were performed and results were negative, “ND indicates test was not performed (Not Done).” ^a Serology and genomic RNA detection are a summary of all published data. Individual articles may have only included serology, only genomic RNA detection, or both. ^b Data presented as only serological data suggest animals were exposed to HEV but a definitive strain could not be assigned due to the single serotype of all HEV strains. ^c Swedish moose HEV strain has not been assigned to a current HEV genotype and appears to cluster between Orthohepevirus A and Orthohepevirus C strains.