. 2019 May 21;11(5):459. doi: 10.3390/v11050459

Table 1.

Recently reported natural exposures of artiodactyls to West Nile virus.

Common Name	Scientific Name	Detection Type	Location	Reference
Wild boar	Sus scrofa	Antibodies	Serbia	[12]
		Antibodies	Czech Republic	[13]
		Antibodies^a	Spain	[14]
		Antibodies^a	Spain	[15]
Roe deer	Capreolus capreolus	Antibodies	Serbia	[12]
		Antibodies	Czech Republic	[13]
Red deer	Cervus elaphus	Antibodies	Czech Republic	[13]
		Antibodies^b	Spain	[16]
		Antibodies^a	Spain	[15]
Fallow deer	Dama dama	Antibodies	Czech Republic	[13]
		Antibodies^b	Spain	[16]
Mouflon	Ovis sp.	Antibodies	Czech Republic	[13]
		Antibodies^b	Spain	[16]
Dromedary camel	Camelus dromedarius	Antibodies^a,c	Spain	[17]
		Virus	UAE^d	[18]
“Camel”	Not listed^e	Antibodies^a,c	USA^f	[19]
African forest buffalo	Syncerus caffer nanus	Antibodies	DRC^g	[20]
White-tailed deer	Odocoileus virginianus	Antibodies	Multiple USA	[21]
Reindeer	Rangifer tarandus tarandus	Antibodies^a,c	Alberta, CA	[22]

^a Indicates that a single test (e.g., enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) was used, samples were not tested against multiple flaviviruses, or it is unclear if samples were tested against multiple flaviviruses. Therefore, all detections may or may not represent WNV. ^b Data were presented as WNV and antigenically related flaviviruses. ^c Animals were from a privately owned collection. ^d United Arab Emirates. Original paper did not list specific location of animal and if animal was privately owned of feral. ^e Species of camel was not listed in original paper. Animals were privately owned. ^f Serum samples were sent to a diagnostic laboratory. The actual locations of where the privately owned animals were sampled was not listed in the original paper. ^g Democratic Republic of the Congo.