Fig. 3.

Task configurations in the fNIRS task. (a) Visual settings in the rest block. (b) VG setting under the IF condition. In the motor block, VG gradually decreased over time. If the participant correctly directed attention to their hand according to the task instructions, the decreasing amplitude was anticipated only in hand cursor movement, as shown by the movement profiles in the right column. The amplitudes of the first and last cycles were defined by the difference between adjacent positional peaks. Blue and green arrows indicate hand and hand cursor amplitudes, respectively. The differential value between the first and last amplitudes was then calculated. (c) VG setting under the EF condition. VG gradually increased over time. If the participant correctly directed their attention to the hand cursor according to the task instructions, the decreasing amplitude was anticipated only in hand movement.