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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2019 Mar 15;157(1):163–178. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.03.018

Figure 1. Villin promoter–driven PPARD overexpression induced gastric adenocarcinoma in mice.

Figure 1.

(A-C) Gross and histologic examination of the stomachs in PPARD mice. Stomach photographs of PPARD1 and PPARD2 mouse lines and their wild-type (WT) littermates (A), with black arrows indicating tumors, and mouse stomach to body weight ratios (B) and incidence of gastric lesions(C) for mouse lines shown in panel A at indicated ages (LGD: low-grade dysplasia, HGD: high-grade dysplasia).

(D) Representative hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining microphotographs of entire gastric mucosa sections (diagram, top) of 35-week-old PPARD and WT littermate mice. Red dotted circle indicates gastric tumor in the corpus.

(E-I) H&E staining of representative histologic features of gastric mucosa from PPARD mice showing a sequence of morphologic changes of the stomach: normal mucosa (E), t marked hyperplasia of glandular epithelium (F), LGD (G) and HGD (H) of glandular epithelium, and invasive adenocarcinoma into the gastric muscle layers (I).

(J) Representative images of PPARD immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) of human gastric tissue microarrays (#ST781, US Biomax).

(K) Total nuclear and cytoplasm PPARD IHC combined expression scores (CES) for the human gastric tissue microarrays in panel J.

Scale bars represent 1 cm (A), 1 mm (D, E-I [top]), 100 μm (E-I [bottom]), and 50 μm (J).