Table VI.
Pollen morphology of fossil European and African Picrodendraceae.
| Krappfeld MT | Stolzenbach MT | Profen MT | Mush MT | Saldanha MT | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P/E ratio | Spheroidal to slightly oblate | Spheroidal to slightly oblate | Spheroidal to slightly oblate | Spheroidal to slightly oblate | Spheroidal to slightly oblate |
| Outline in polar and equatorial view | Circular | Circular | Circular | Circular | Circular |
| Equatorial diameter including echini (LM) | 23–25 | 24–32 | 28–30 | 40–43 | 28–38 |
| Equatorial diameter including echini (SEM) | 21–23 | 22–30 | 26–30 | 36–39 | 26–35 |
| Equatorial diameter excluding echini (LM) | 20–22 | 22–30 | 26–27 | 32–35 | 25–35 |
| Equatorial diameter excluding echini (SEM) | 16–18 | 20–28 | 23–27 | 31–32 | 23–32 |
| Polar axis including echini (LM) | 19–21 | 22–30 | N/O | 34–40 | 27–30 |
| Polar axis including echini (SEM) | N/O | N/O | N/O | 33–35 | 25–27 |
| Polar axis excluding echini (LM) | 15–17 | 20–28 | N/O | 26–33 | 25–28 |
| Polar axis excluding echini (SEM) | N/O | N/O | N/O | 29–30 | 22–24 |
| Aperture type and number | Stephano(7)porate | Stephano(7)porate | Stephano(7)porate | Stephano(5-6)porate | Stephano(7)porate |
| Aperture position | Pori at regular intervals, positioned at the equator | Pori at regular intervals, positioned at the equator | Pori at regular intervals, positioned at the equator | Pori at regular intervals, positioned at the equator | Pori at regular intervals, positioned at the equator |
| Aperture diameter (SEM) | 3.5–4.0 | 2.1–2.6 | 1.0–2.3 | 2.3–3.1 | 3.0–4.5 |
| Exine thickness (LM) | 1.3–1.5 | 1.2–1.4 | 1.2–1.3 | 2.0–2.2 | 1.2–1.4 |
| Pollen wall (SEM) | Tectate | Tectate | Tectate | Tectate | Tectate |
| Sculpture (LM) | Echinate | Echinate | Echinate | Echinate | Echinate |
| Sculpture (SEM) | Echinate; fossulate, perforate and nanogemmate in areas between echini | Echinate; fossulate, perforate and nanogemmate in areas between echini | Echinate; fossulate, perforate and nanogemmate in areas between echini | Echinate; nanogemmate to naorugulate in areas between echini | Echinate; fossulate, perforate and nanogemmate in areas between echini |
| Number of echini in central polar area (SEM) | 20–25 per 100 µm2 | 19–30 per 100 µm2 | 17–25 per 100 µm2 | 4–8 per 100 µm2 | 15–30 per 100 µm2 |
| Echini height (SEM) | 2.3–2.6 | 0.9–2.7 | 1.7–3.1 | 4.1–5.2 | 1.0–2.5 |
| Aperture membrane (SEM) | Nanogemmate | Nanogemmate | Nanogemmate | Nanogemmate to naorugulate | Nanogemmate |
| Affiliation | Pollen close to Piranhea | Pollen close to Piranhea | Pollen close to Piranhea | Pollen of the Aristogeitonia/Mischodon/Oldfieldia/Voatamalo clade | PT 1: aff. Hyaenanche |
Note: All measurements are given in µm. N/O = not observed.