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. 2019 Jun 17;7:e7144. doi: 10.7717/peerj.7144

Figure 8. Leptinotarsa CCHamides.

Figure 8

Duplication of the CCHamide 2 neuropeptide and the CCHamide 1 receptor genes in Leptinotarsa. (A) Schematic organization of the three CCHamide genes in Leptinotarsa. Horizontal lines indicate introns and other untranslated DNA sequences, the boxes correspond to translated exons. Yellow indicates sequences corresponding to the signal peptides, purple correspond to the mature peptide sequences and green the remainder of the precursors. Note that the gene organizations of CCHamides 2a and 2b are very similar. (B) Direct comparison of the predicted mature peptides. Note that CCHamide 2b lacks a C-terminal amide, that is, present in all other CCHamides. (C) Direct comparison of the predicted precursors for CCHamides 2a and 2b. Note that, although similar, these sequences are significantly different. Asterisks (*) indicate identical amino acid residues, double dots (:) and single dots (.) indicated conserved and semi-conserved substitutions of amino acid residues, respectively. (D) Simple phylogenetic tree for CCHamide receptors from Leptinotarsa, other Coleoptera and D. melanogaster. Note that the two Leptinotarsa CCHamide 1 receptors are more similar to one another than to any of the other Coleoptera CCHamide 1 receptors, including the one from Anoplophora. Nucleotide sequences for these receptors are: ACZ94340.1, XP_023021283.1; XP_017768833.1, XP_019758999.1; XP_025836439.1, XP_008197479.1, XP_023310960.1, XP_019880954.1; XP_018332710.1, ERL86066.1, XP_019880542.1, XP_023313148.1, XP_015838444.1; XP_017779615.1, AAF57819.3, XP_023023025.1, and the Leptinotarsa CCHamide 2 receptor which is present in the Supplementary Excel File.