Table 2.

Results of AKR1B10 in Differentiating AFP‐Negative or AFP‐Positive HCC From All Controls (HCs + BLTs + CHB + LC) or High‐Risk Controls (CHB + LC)

	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	PPV (%)	NPV (%)	Positive LR	Negative LR	AUC (95% CI)
Training Cohort
AFP‐negative HCC and early‐stage HCC
HCC vs. HC + BLT + CHB + LC	71.2	92.6	68.4	93.4	9.59	0.31	0.891 (0.856‐0.920)
HCC vs. CHB + LC	65.8	85.7	82.8	68.4	4.6	0.40	0.819 (0.744‐0.880)
Early‐stage HCC vs. HC + BLT + CHB + LC	63.4	90.7	46.4	95.1	6.83	0.40	0.839 (0.797‐0.875)
Early‐stage HCC vs. CHB + LC	61.0	81.0	67.6	76.1	3.20	0.48	0.754 (0.660‐0.833)
AFP‐positive HCC and early‐stage HCC
HCC vs. HC + BLT + CHB + LC	76.5	95.7	88.1	90.6	17.64	0.25	0.899 (0.868‐0.925)
HCC vs. CHB + LC	76.5	85.7	92.0	62.8	5.35	0.27	0.842 (0.784‐0.890)
Early‐stage HCC vs. HC + BLT + CHB + LC	65.8	95.7	64.1	96.0	15.18	0.36	0.822 (0.778‐0.860)
Early‐stage HCC vs. CHB + LC	65.8	85.7	73.5	80.6	4.61	0.40	0.748 (0.652‐0.829)
Validation Cohort
AFP‐negative HCC and early‐stage HCC
HCC vs. HC + BLT + CHB + LC	68.2	91.0	60.8	93.3	7.57	0.35	0.805 (0.762‐0.843)
HCC vs. CHB + LC	50.0	85.9	78.6	62.5	3.56	0.58	0.725 (0.640‐0.800)
Early‐stage HCC vs. HC + BLT + CHB + LC	68.0	91.0	37.0	97.3	7.55	0.35	0.788 (0.741‐0.830)
Early‐stage HCC vs. CHB + LC	64.0	85.9	64.0	85.9	4.55	0.42	0.742 (0.639‐0.829)
AFP‐positive HCC and early‐stage HCC
HCC vs. HC + BLT + CHB + LC	73.9	90.7	77.3	89.0	7.93	0.29	0.858 (0.823‐0.888)
HCC vs. CHB + LC	66.7	85.9	91.1	54.5	4.74	0.39	0.808 (0.747‐0.860)
Early‐stage HCC vs. HC + BLT + CHB + LC	78.0	91.3	58.2	96.4	8.97	0.24	0.883 (0.846‐0.914)
Early‐stage HCC vs. CHB + LC	62.0	84.4	75.6	74.0	3.97	0.45	0.766 (0.677‐0.840)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; LR, likelihood ratio; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value.