EcoHIV-induced NCI requires viral replication. Mice (n = 10 per group) were administered ARV or vehicle by gavage starting 3 days before intracranial inoculation of EcoHIV or saline. All groups were tested in the RAWM test 10 days after infection and subsequently analyzed for virus burdens in brain tissues as described for Fig. 1. (A) Mean errors ± the SEM from the last 3 days of RAWM testing for EcoHIV + vehicle (filled circles), EcoHIV + ARV (filled triangles), and saline + ARV (open circles) systems. T1 to T4 denotes acquisition trials and RT denotes the retention trial performed after a 30 min delay. F(2,83) = 8.118, P < 0.001/R; t(2) = 3.146; **, P < 0.01; EcoHIV + vehicle versus saline, t(2) = 3.708; ††, P < 0.01; EcoHIV + vehicle versus EcoHIV + ARV. (B) Mean latencies ± the SEM for finding the visible platform on trial 4 on days 1 and 2 of visible platform testing for EcoHIV (filled bar), EcoHIV + ARV (hatched bar), and saline (open bar) infected mice. (C) HIV 2LTR and integrated DNA burdens in brain tissues from EcoHIV-infected + ARV (hatched bar)- or vehicle (filled bar)-treated mice tested by QPCR and shown as mean copies ± the SEM (**, P < 0.01).