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. 2019 Jun 4;11(6):1268. doi: 10.3390/nu11061268

Table 4.

Mean difference in height-for-age, weight-for-age and bod mass index for age z-scores per standard deviation increase in respective fatty acid proportions among 6–10 years old Ugandan children with and without perinatal HIV infection 1.

Class Fatty Acid Height-for-Age z-Score Weight-for-Age z-Score Body Mass Index-for-Age z-Score
B ± SE p-Value B ± SE p-Value B ± SE p-Value
SFA Myristic −0.07 ± 0.07 0.334 −0.10 ± 0.07 0.156 −0.09 ± 0.07 0.204
Palmitic −0.14 ± 0.07 0.053 −0.09 ± 0.07 0.206 0.00 ± 0.07 0.956
Stearic −0.12 ± 0.08 0.135 −0.07 ± 0.07 0.365 0.01 ± 0.08 0.898
Arachidic −0.09 ± 0.07 0.226 −0.03 ± 0.07 0.702 0.05 ± 0.07 0.512
Behenic −0.08 ± 0.07 0.254 −0.00 ± 0.07 0.987 0.09 ± 0.07 0.218
Lignoceric −0.07 ± 0.07 0.314 −0.01 ± 0.07 0.862 0.05 ± 0.07 0.496
Total SFA −0.16 ± 0.07 0.027 −0.10 ± 0.07 0.158 0.01 ± 0.07 0.927
MUFA Palmitoleic −0.05 ± 0.07 0.454 −0.07 ± 0.07 0.314 −0.06 ± 0.07 0.422
Palmitelaidic −0.05 ± 0.07 0.507 −0.13 ± 0.07 0.052 −0.17 ± 0.07 0.021
Oleic −0.08 ± 0.07 0.248 −0.13 ± 0.07 0.060 −0.12 ± 0.07 0.079
Eicosenoic −0.06 ± 0.07 0.399 −0.04 ± 0.07 0.613 0.00 ± 0.07 0.970
Nervonic −0.16 ± 0.07 0.028 −0.08 ± 0.07 0.258 0.04 ± 0.07 0.546
Total MUFA −0.13 ± 0.07 0.073 −0.15 ± 0.09 0.033 −0.11 ± 0.07 0.142
n-6 FA Linoleic 0.13 ± 0.08 0.100 0.09 ± 0.07 0.233 0.01 ± 0.08 0.919
Linoelaidic 0.06 ± 0.07 0.386 0.04 ± 0.07 0.591 −0.00 ± 0.07 0.982
GLA −0.03 ± 0.07 0.726 −0.08 ± 0.07 0.248 −0.10 ± 0.07 0.186
Eicosadienoic −0.08 ± 0.08 0.285 −0.13 ± 0.07 0.073 −0.12 ± 0.08 0.126
DGLA −0.01 ± 0.08 0.892 −0.05 ± 0.08 0.513 −0.07 ± 0.08 0.395
Arachidonic 0.08 ± 0.08 0.308 0.08 ± 0.07 0.279 0.05 ± 0.08 0.508
DTA −0.02 ± 0.08 0.806 −0.04 ± 0.07 0.613 −0.05 ± 0.08 0.548
DPA n-6 0.04 ± 0.08 0.641 0.04 ± 0.07 0.578 0.02 ± 0.08 0.765
Total n-6 0.16 ± 0.07 0.035 0.11 ± 0.07 0.103 0.02 ± 0.07 0.749
n-3 FA ALA 0.05 ± 0.07 0.478 −0.03 ± 0.07 0.668 −0.09 ± 0.07 0.186
EPA 0.03 ± 0.07 0.677 −0.03 ± 0.07 0.720 −0.06 ± 0.07 0.390
DPA n-3 0.09 ± 0.08 0.212 0.01 ± 0.07 0.897 −0.08 ± 0.08 0.293
DHA 0.11 ± 0.07 0.118 0.09 ± 0.07 0.216 0.03 ± 0.07 0.717
O3I 0.10 ± 0.07 0.169 0.06 ± 0.07 0.376 0.00 ± 0.07 0.968
Total n-3 0.10 ± 0.07 0.152 0.05 ± 0.07 0.433 −0.01 ± 0.07 0.865
Mead −0.14 ± 0.09 0.126 −0.20 ± 0.08 0.015 −0.18 ± 0.09 0.406
Total PUFA 0.18 ± 0.07 0.015 0.12 ± 0.07 0.074 0.02 ± 0.07 0.795
Total HUFA 0.09 ± 0.08 0.215 0.07 ± 0.07 0.301 0.03 ± 0.08 0.699
HUFA ratio 0.11 ± 0.07 0.147 0.07 ± 0.07 0.348 0.00 ± 0.07 0.982
T/T ratio −0.17 ± 0.08 0.039 −0.22 ± 0.08 0.006 −0.17 ± 0.08 0.048
n-6/n-3 ratio −0.04 ± 0.07 0.572 −0.03 ± 0.07 0.689 −0.00 ± 0.07 0.961

1 All individual fatty acid values were divided by the standard deviation of the fatty acid prior to being regressed. Beta values are interpreted as “change in growth parameter per standard deviation change in fatty acid.” FA, fatty acid; SFA, saturated FA; MUFA, monounsaturated FA; n-6, omega-6; GLA, γ-linolenic acid; DGLA, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid; DTA, docosatetraenoic acid; DPA, docosapentaenoic acid; n-3, omega-3; ALA, α-linolenic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; O3I, omega-3 index; PUFA, polyunsaturated FA; HUFA, highly unsaturated FA; T/T, triene-to-tetraene. Bolding indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05).