Representative tracings showing the effects of bilateral PVN microinjection of TACE (A and B) and its inhibitor TAPI-1 (C and D) on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in sham-operated (Sham) and heart failure (HF) rats. BP, mmHg; HR, beats/min (bpm): RSNA, windowed (spikes/s) and integrated (mV) activity. (E), Grouped data showing the change (Δ) from baseline in mean blood pressure (MBP, mmHg), HR (bpm) and integrated RSNA (%) elicited by PVN microinjection of TACE and TAPI-1 in Sham and HF rats. Values are expressed as means ± SEM (n=6 in each group). * p<0.05, compared with baseline; † p<0.05 compared with corresponding Sham. Bar scale: 15 min.