Taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales: update 2019

Abulikemu Abudurexiti; Scott Adkins; Daniela Alioto; Sergey V Alkhovsky; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; Matthew J Ballinger; Dennis A Bente; Martin Beer; Éric Bergeron; Carol D Blair; Thomas Briese; Michael J Buchmeier; Felicity J Burt; Charles H Calisher; Chénchén Cháng; Rémi N Charrel; Il Ryong Choi; J Christopher S Clegg; Juan Carlos de la Torre; Xavier de Lamballerie; Fēi Dèng; Francesco Di Serio; Michele Digiaro; Michael A Drebot; Xiǎoméi Duàn; Hideki Ebihara; Toufic Elbeaino; Koray Ergünay; Charles F Fulhorst; Aura R Garrison; George Fú Gāo; Jean-Paul J Gonzalez; Martin H Groschup; Stephan Günther; Anne-Lise Haenni; Roy A Hall; Jussi Hepojoki; Roger Hewson; Zhìhóng Hú; Holly R Hughes; Miranda Gilda Jonson; Sandra Junglen; Boris Klempa; Jonas Klingström; Chūn Kòu; Lies Laenen; Amy J Lambert; Stanley A Langevin; Dan Liu; Igor S Lukashevich; Tāo Luò; Chuánwèi Lǚ; Piet Maes; William Marciel de Souza; Marco Marklewitz; Giovanni P Martelli; Keita Matsuno; Nicole Mielke-Ehret; Maria Minutolo; Ali Mirazimi; Abulimiti Moming; Hans-Peter Mühlbach; Rayapati Naidu; Beatriz Navarro; Márcio Roberto Teixeira Nunes; Gustavo Palacios; Anna Papa; Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa; Janusz T Pawęska; Jié Qiáo; Sheli R Radoshitzky; Renato O Resende; Víctor Romanowski; Amadou Alpha Sall; Maria S Salvato; Takahide Sasaya; Shū Shěn; Xiǎohóng Shí; Yukio Shirako; Peter Simmonds; Manuela Sironi; Jin-Won Song; Jessica R Spengler; Mark D Stenglein; Zhèngyuán Sū; Sùróng Sūn; Shuāng Táng; Massimo Turina; Bó Wáng; Chéng Wáng; Huálín Wáng; Jūn Wáng; Tàiyún Wèi; Anna E Whitfield; F Murilo Zerbini; Jìngyuàn Zhāng; Lěi Zhāng; Yànfāng Zhāng; Yong-Zhen Zhang; Yújiāng Zhāng

doi:10.1007/s00705-019-04253-6

. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Arch Virol. 2019 May 7;164(7):1949–1965. doi: 10.1007/s00705-019-04253-6

Taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales: update 2019

Abulikemu Abudurexiti ¹, Scott Adkins ^2,^$,^&,^□, Daniela Alioto ³, Sergey V Alkhovsky ^4,^{^,}^&, Tatjana Avšič-Županc ^5,^{^}, Matthew J Ballinger ^6,^□, Dennis A Bente ^7,^{^}, Martin Beer ^8,^&, Éric Bergeron ^9,^{^}, Carol D Blair ^10,^&, Thomas Briese ^11,^⁂, Michael J Buchmeier ^12,^%, Felicity J Burt ^13,^{^}, Charles H Calisher ^10,^@,^&, Chénchén Cháng ¹⁴, Rémi N Charrel ^16,^%,^⁂, Il Ryong Choi ^17,^⁑, J Christopher S Clegg ^18,^%, Juan Carlos de la Torre ^19,^%,^$, Xavier de Lamballerie ^16,^⁂, Fēi Dèng ²⁰, Francesco Di Serio ²¹, Michele Digiaro ^22,^#, Michael A Drebot ^23,^{^}, Xiǎoméi Duàn ¹⁴, Hideki Ebihara ^24,^⁂, Toufic Elbeaino ^22,^#, Koray Ergünay ^25,^{^}, Charles F Fulhorst ^7,^@, Aura R Garrison ^26,^{^}, George Fú Gāo ^27,^⁂, Jean-Paul J Gonzalez ^28,^%, Martin H Groschup ^29,^⁂, Stephan Günther ^30,^%, Anne-Lise Haenni ^31,^⁑, Roy A Hall ^32,^□, Jussi Hepojoki ^33,^34,^%, Roger Hewson ^35,^{^}, Zhìhóng Hú ²⁰, Holly R Hughes ^36,^&, Miranda Gilda Jonson ^37,^⁑, Sandra Junglen ^38,^39,^$,^□, Boris Klempa ^40,^@, Jonas Klingström ^41,^@, Chūn Kòu ¹⁴, Lies Laenen ^42,^42b,^@, Amy J Lambert ^36,^$,^&,^□, Stanley A Langevin ^43,^□, Dan Liu ⁴⁴, Igor S Lukashevich ^45,^%, Tāo Luò ¹, Chuánwèi Lǚ ²⁰, Piet Maes ^42,^$,^@, William Marciel de Souza ^46,^&, Marco Marklewitz ^38,^39,^&, Giovanni P Martelli ^47,^#, Keita Matsuno ^48,⁴⁹, Nicole Mielke-Ehret ^50,^#, Maria Minutolo ³, Ali Mirazimi ^51,^{^}, Abulimiti Moming ¹⁴, Hans-Peter Mühlbach ^50,^#, Rayapati Naidu ^51b,^□, Beatriz Navarro ²¹, Márcio Roberto Teixeira Nunes ^52,^&,^⁂, Gustavo Palacios ^26,^$,^{^,}^⁂, Anna Papa ^53,^{^}, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa ^53b,^□, Janusz T Pawęska ^54,^55,^{^}, Jié Qiáo ²⁰, Sheli R Radoshitzky ^26,^%, Renato O Resende ^56,^□, Víctor Romanowski ^57,^%, Amadou Alpha Sall ^58,^{^}, Maria S Salvato ^59,^%, Takahide Sasaya ^60,^$,^⁑,^⁂, Shū Shěn ²⁰, Xiǎohóng Shí ^61,^&, Yukio Shirako ^62,^⁑, Peter Simmonds ^63,^~, Manuela Sironi ^64,^%, Jin-Won Song ^65,^@,^⁂, Jessica R Spengler ^9,^{^}, Mark D Stenglein ^66,^%, Zhèngyuán Sū ²⁰, Sùróng Sūn ¹⁴, Shuāng Táng ²⁰, Massimo Turina ^67,^□, Bó Wáng ²⁰, Chéng Wáng ¹, Huálín Wáng ²⁰, Jūn Wáng ²⁰, Tàiyún Wèi ^68,^⁑, Anna E Whitfield ^69,^□, F Murilo Zerbini ^70,^‡, Jìngyuàn Zhāng ¹⁴, Lěi Zhāng ²⁰, Yànfāng Zhāng ²⁰, Yong-Zhen Zhang ^71,^72,^$,^@, Yújiāng Zhāng ¹, Xueping Zhou ^73,^⁑, Lìyǐng Zhū ²⁰, Jens H Kuhn ^74,^%,^$,^{^,}^$$,^*

¹Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China

²United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA

³Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy

⁴D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

⁵University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana Faculty of Medicine, Slovenia

⁶Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA

⁷University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA

⁸Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

⁹Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

¹⁰Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado

¹¹Center for Infection and Immunity, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

¹²Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA

¹³Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa

¹⁴Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China

¹⁶Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ – IRD 190 – Inserm 1207 – IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France

¹⁷Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology Division and International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines

¹⁸Les Mandinaux, Le Grand Madieu, France

¹⁹Department of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA

²⁰State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China

²¹Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy

²²Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy

²³Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

²⁴Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

²⁵Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Ankara, Turkey

²⁶United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA

²⁷National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

²⁸Center of Excellence for Emerging & Zoonotic Animal Disease, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA

²⁹Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

³⁰Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Department of Virology, Hamburg, Germany

³¹Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS—Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France

³²Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

³³University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Medicum, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland

³⁴Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

³⁵Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, Salisbury, UK

³⁶Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA

³⁷Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

³⁸Charité— Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

³⁹German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Germany

⁴⁰Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

⁴¹Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

⁴²KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium

^42bDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

⁴³Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Washington, USA

⁴⁴School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

⁴⁵Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

⁴⁶Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

⁴⁷Department of Plant, Soil and Food Sciences, University “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy

⁴⁸Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

⁴⁹Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

⁵⁰Biocentre Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

⁵¹Folkhalsomyndigheten, Stockholm, Sweden

^51bWashington State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Prosser, Washington, USA

⁵²Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Pará, Brazil

⁵³National Reference Centre for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

^53bFlavivirus Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

⁵⁴Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa

⁵⁵Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

⁵⁶Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil

⁵⁷Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Cientifico Technológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científico Tecnológico—Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

⁵⁸Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal

⁵⁹Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

⁶⁰Department of Planning and Coordination, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan

⁶¹MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland, UK

⁶²Asian Center for Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

⁶³Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

⁶⁴Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS “E. Medea,” Bosisio Parini, Italy

⁶⁵Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁶⁶Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA

⁶⁷Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Torino, Italy

⁶⁸Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China

⁶⁹Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

⁷⁰Departamento de Fitopatologia/Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil

⁷¹National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China

⁷²Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

⁷³State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China

⁷⁴Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA

The members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Arenaviridae Study Group

the members of the 2017–2020 ICTV Bunyavirales Study Group

the members of the 2017–2020 ICTV Fimoviridae Study Group

the members of the 2017– 2020 ICTV Hantaviridae Study Group

^{^}

the members of the 2017–2020 ICTV Nairoviridae Study Group

the members of the 2017–2020 ICTV Peribunyaviridae Study Group

^□

the members of the 2017–2020 ICTV Phasmaviridae Study Group

^⁂

the members of the 2017–2020 ICTV Phenuiviridae Study Group

^⁑

the members of the 2017–2020 ICTV Tenuivirus Study Group

^□

the 2017–2020 ICTV Tospovirus Study Group

the 2017–2020 ICTV Chair of the Fungal and Protist Viruses Subcommittee

^‡

the 2017–2020 ICTV Chair of the Plant Viruses Subcommittee

^$$

the 2017–2020 ICTV Chair of the Animal dsRNA and ssRNA- Viruses Subcommittee

Corresponding author: JHK: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Phone: +1-301-631-7245; Fax: +1-301-631-7389; kuhnjens@mail.nih.gov

PMCID: PMC6641860 NIHMSID: NIHMS1528828 PMID: 31065850

Abstract

In February 2019, following the annual taxon ratification vote, the order Bunyavirales was amended by creation of two new families, four new subfamilies, 11 new genera and 77 new species, merging of two species, and deletion of one species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).

Keywords: Arenaviridae, arenavirid, arenavirus, bunyavirad, Bunyavirales, Bunyavirid, Bunyaviridae, bunyavirus, emaravirus, Feraviridae, feravirid, feravirus, fimovirid, Fimoviridae, fimovirus, goukovirus, hantavirid, Hantaviridae, hantavirus, hartmanivirus, herbevirus, ICTV, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, jonvirid, Jonviridae, jonvirus, leishbuvirid, Leishbuviridae, leishbuvirus, mammarenavirus, nairovirid, Nairoviridae, nairovirus, orthobunyavirus, orthoferavirus, orthohantavirus, orthojonvirus, orthonairovirus, orthophasmavirus, orthotospovirus, peribunyavirid, Peribunyaviridae, peribunyavirus, phasmavirid, phasivirus, Phasmaviridae, phasmavirus, phenuivirid, Phenuiviridae, phenuivirus, phlebovirus, reptarenavirus, tenuivirus, tospovirid, Tospoviridae, tospovirus, virus classification, virus nomenclature, virus taxonomy

Introduction

The virus order Bunyavirales was established in 2017 to accommodate related viruses with segmented, linear, single-stranded, negative-sense or ambisense RNA genomes classified into nine families [19]. An amended/emended order description was published in early 2019 [20]. Here, we present the changes that were proposed via official ICTV taxonomic proposals that were accepted by the ICTV Executive Committee (EC) in February 2019. Therefore, these changes are now part of the official ICTV taxonomy.

Taxonomic changes at the order rank

The order was expanded by addition of two new families. Family Leishbuviridae was created to accommodate one new genus, Shilevirus, including one new species, Leptomonas shilevirus, for Leptomonas moramango leishbunyavirus (LEPMV) discovered in a trypanosomatid protist (Leptomonas moramango) [2]. Family Tospoviridae was recreated for the already established genus Tospovirus (now renamed Orthotospovirus; TaxoProp 2018.017M.A.v1.Bunyavirales_2fam5gen) and expanded by seven new species (TaxoProp 2018.025P.A.v1.Orthotospovirus_7sp):

Bean necrotic mosaic orthotospovirus for bean necrotic mosaic virus (BeNMV) discovered in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) [8];
Calla lily chlorotic spot orthotospovirus for calla lily chlorotic spot virus (CCSV) found in calla lilies (Zantedeschia sp.) [5, 18];
Capsicum chlorosis orthotospovirus for capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) found in capsicums, chillies, and tomatoes [16, 23];
Chrysanthemum stem necrosis orthotospovirus for chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV) infecting chrysanthemums [3, 10];
Melon severe mosaic orthotospovirus for melon severe mosaic virus (MSMV) infecting cucurbit crops [6, 7];
Melon yellow spot orthotospovirus for melon yellow spot virus (MYSV) found in netted melon (Cucumis melo) [15]; and
Soybean vein necrosis orthotospovirus for soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV) discovered in soybeans (Glycine max) [36].

A genus unassigned to any family, Coguvirus, was established to include species Citrus coguvirus for citrus concave gum-associated virus (CCGaV) found in citrus trees [26] (TaxoProp 2018.020P.A.v1.Coguvirus).

Taxonomic changes at the family rank

Arenaviridae

The family Arenaviridae was expanded by one genus, Antennavirus, to include two new species, Hairy antennavirus and Striated antennavirus, for Wēnlǐng frogfish arenavirus 2 (WlFV-2) and Wēnlǐng frogfish arenavirus 1 (WlFV-1), both found in striated frogfish (Antennarius striatus) [33] (TaxoProp 2018.005M.A.v1.Antennavirus).

Cruliviridae

No changes were made at the family rank.

Fimoviridae

No changes were made at the family rank.

Hantaviridae

The family (TaxoProp 2018.010M.A.v2.Hantaviridae_4subfam) was reorganized into four subfamilies:

subfamily Actantavirinae was created for the new genus Actinavirus to accommodate three novel species: Batfish actinovirus for Wēnlǐng minipizza batfish virus (WEMV) discovered in minipizza batfish (Halieutaea stellata); Goosefish actinovirus for Wēnlǐng yellow goosefish virus (WEYGV) found in yellow goosefish (Lophius litulon); and Spikefish actinovirus for Wēnlǐng red spikefish virus (WERSV) of red spikefish (Triacanthodes anomalus) [33];
subfamily Agantavirinae was created for the new genus Agnathovirus to accommodate one new species, Hagfish agnathovirus, for Wēnlǐng hagfish virus (WEHV) of inshore hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri) [33];
subfamily Mammantavirinae was created to accommodate the established genera Loanvirus, Mobatvirus, and Orthohantavirus. Two new orthohantavirus species, Seewis orhtohantavirus and Tigray orthohantavirus, were created for Seewis virus (SWSV) of Eurasian common shrews (Sorex araneus) [34] and Tigray virus (TIGV) of Ethiopian white-footed mice (Stenocephalemys albipes) [12, 25], respectively; and
subfamily Repantavirinae was created for the new genus Reptillovirus to accommodate one new species, Gecko reptillovirus, for Hǎinán oriental lead-toed gecko virus (HOLGV) discovered in oriental leaf-toed geckos (Hemidactylus bowringii) [33].

Mypoviridae

No changes were made at the family rank.

Nairoviridae

The species Estero Real orthonairovirus was created for Estero Real virus (ERV) (moved from genus Orthobunyavirus, family Peribunyaviridae) [1] (TaxoProp 2018.012M.A.v1.Bunyavirales_spmov).

Peribunyaviridae

The family was expanded by one new genus, Pacuvirus, to accommodate three new species: Pacui pacuvirus for Pacui virus (PACV) discovered in a rice rat (Oryzomys sp.); Rio Preto da Eva pacuvirus for Rio Preto da Eva virus discovered in a sewer gnat (Psychodidae sp.); and Tapirape pacuvirus for Tapirapé virus found in a hocicudo (Oxymycterus sp.) [27] (TaxoProp 2018.017M.A.v1.Bunyavirales_2fam5gen). Genus Tospovirus was removed from the family and placed into the new family Tospoviridae as genus Orthotospovirus (TaxoProp 2018.017M.A.v1.Bunyavirales_2fam5gen). The genus Orthobunyavirus was reorganized by moving previously classified viruses into a total of 38 new species (one resulting from a merger of two previously established species) (TaxoProp 2018.008M.A.v1.Orthobunyavirus_38sp). Five additional novel species were added: Bellavista orthobunyavirus for Bellavista virus isolated from mosquitoes (Culex portesi) [14]; Enseada orthobunyavirus for Enseada virus isolated from Culex mosquitoes [4, 9]; Maguari orthobunyavirus for Maguari virus (MAGV) isolated from mosquitoes [13]; Tataguine orthobunyavirus for Tataguine virus (TATV) found in a human sample, and Witwatersrand orthobunyavirus for Witwatersrand virus (WITV) from mosquitoes [29] (TaxoProp 2018.017M.A.v1.Bunyavirales_2fam5gen). Species Estero Real orthobunyavirus was abolished, and its member, Estero Real virus (ERV), was moved into family Nairoviridae [1] (TaxoProp 2018.012M.A.v1.Bunyavirales_spmov).

Phasmaviridae

The family was expanded by addition of one new genus, Sawastrivirus, to include one new species, Sanxia sawastrivirus, for Sānxiá water strider virus 2 (SxWSV-2) (TaxoProp 2018.017M.A.v1.Bunyavirales_2fam5gen) detected in gerrid water striders [31]. The genus Orthophasmavirus was expanded by the addition of five new species: Culex orthophasmavirus for Culex phasma-like virus (CPLV) detected in Culex mosquitoes [32]; Ganda orthophasmavirus for Ganda bee virus (GBEEV) of European orchard bees (Osmia cornuta) [28]; Odonate orthophasmavirus for Húběi odonate virus 8 (HbOV-8) [31]; Qingling orthophasmavirus for Húběi odonate virus 9 (HbOV-9) of odonates [31]; and Seattle orthophasmavirus for Seattle Prectang virus (SEPV) found in a moth (Pasiphila rectangulata) [21] (TaxoProp 2018.009M.A.v1.Phasmavirus_5sp).

Phenuiviridae

The family Phenuiviridae was expanded by addition of three new genera. Genus Kabutovirus was created to include two new species, Huangpi kabutovirus and Kabuto mountain kabutovirus, for Huángpí tick virus 1 (HpTV-1) of ticks (Haemaphysalis doenitzi) [17] and Kabuto mountain virus (KAMV) of ticks (Haemaphysalis flava) [11], respectively. Genus Laulavirus was created to include one species, Laurel Lake laulavirus, for Laurel Lake virus (LLV) of ticks (Ixodes scapularis) [35]. Genus Wenrivirus was created to include one species, Shrimp wenrivirus, for Wēnzhōu shrimp virus 1 (WzSV-1) [17] found in giant tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon) [17] (TaxoProp 2018.017M.A.v1.Bunyavirales_2fam5gen). The established genus Banyangvirus was expanded by two species, Guertu banyangvirus and Heartland banyangvirus, for Guertu virus (GTV) found in Dermacentor nuttalli ticks [30] and Heartland virus (HRTV), a tick-borne virus originally discovered in human samples [24], respectively (TaxoProp 2018.013M.A.v1.Banyangvirus_sp; TaxoProp 2018.017M.A.v1.Bunyavirales_2fam5gen). Genus Phlebovirus was expanded by one species, Mukawa phlebovirus, for Mukawa virus (MKWV) of ticks (Ixodes persulcatus) [22] (TaxoProp 2018.014M.A.v1.Phlebovirus_sp). In genus Phasivirus, species Wuhan fly phasivirus was abolished (TaxoProp 2018.019M.A.v1.Phenuiviridae_Remsp).

Wupedeviridae

No changes were made at the family rank.

Summary

A summary of the current, ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales is presented in Table 1.

Table 1.

ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales as of February 2019. Listed are all bunyaviruses that are classified into species

Genus	Species^¶	Virus (abbreviation)^¶
Family Arenaviridae
Antennavirus	Hairy antennavirus	Wēnlǐng frogfish arenavirus 2 (WlFAV-2)
Antennavirus	Striated antennavirus^*	Wēnlǐng frogfish arenavirus 1 (WlFAV-1)
Hartmanivirus	Haartman hartmanivirus^*	Haartman Institute snake virus 1 (HISV-1)
Mammarenavirus	Allpahuayo mammarenavirus	Allpahuayo virus (ALLV)
	Argentinian mammarenavirus	Junín virus (JUNV)
	Bear Canyon mammarenavirus	Bear Canyon virus (BCNV)
	Brazilian mammarenavirus	Sabiá virus (SBAV)
	Cali mammarenavirus	Pichindé virus (PICHV)
	Chapare mammarenavirus	Chapare virus (CHAPV)
	Cupixi mammarenavirus	Cupixi virus (CUPXV)
	Flexal mammarenavirus	Flexal virus (FLEV)
	Gairo mammarenavirus	Gairo virus (GAIV)
	Guanarito mammarenavirus	Guanarito virus (GTOV)
	Ippy mammarenavirus	Ippy virus (IPPYV)
	Lassa mammarenavirus	Lassa virus (LASV)
	Latino mammarenavirus	Latino virus (LATV)
	Loei River mammarenavirus	Loei River virus (LORV)
	Lujo mammarenavirus	Lujo virus (LUJV)
	Luna mammarenavirus	Luli virus (LULV)
	Luna mammarenavirus	Luna virus (LUAV)
	Lunk mammarenavirus	Lunk virus (LNKV)
	Lymphocytic choriomeningitis mammarenavirus^*	Dandenong virus (DANV)
	Lymphocytic choriomeningitis mammarenavirus^*	lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)
	Machupo mammarenavirus	Machupo virus (MACV)
	Mariental mammarenavirus	Mariental virus (MRLV)
	Merino Walk mammarenavirus	Merino Walk virus (MRWV)
	Mobala mammarenavirus	mobala virus (MOBV)
	Mopeia mammarenavirus	Mopeia virus (MPOV)
	Mopeia mammarenavirus	Morogoro virus (MORV)
	Okahandja mammarenavirus	Okahandja virus (OKAV)
	Oliveros mammarenavirus	Oliveros virus (OLVV)
	Paraguayan mammarenavirus	Paraná virus (PRAV)
	Pirital mammarenavirus	Pirital virus (PIRV)
	Ryukyu mammarenavirus	Ryukyu virus (RYKV)
	Serra do Navio mammarenavirus	Amaparí virus (AMAV)
	Solwezi mammarenavirus	Solwezi virus (SOLV)
	Souris mammarenavirus	souris virus (SOUV)
	Tacaribe mammarenavirus	Tacaribe virus (TCRV)
	Tamiami mammarenavirus	Tamiami virus (TMMV)
	Wenzhou mammarenavirus	Wēnzhōu virus (WENV)
	Whitewater Arroyo mammarenavirus	Big Brushy Tank virus (BBRTV)
		Catarina virus (CTNV)
		Skinner Tank virus (SKTV)
		Tonto Creek virus (TTCV)
		Whitewater Arroyo virus (WWAV)
Reptarenavirus	California reptarenavirus	CAS virus (CASV)
	Giessen reptarenavirus	University of Giessen virus 1 (UGV-1)
		University of Giessen virus 2 (UGV-2)
		University of Giessen virus 3 (UGV-3)
	Golden reptarenavirus^*	Golden Gate virus (GOGV)
	Ordinary reptarenavirus	tavallinen suomalainen mies virus 2 (TSMV-2)
	Rotterdam reptarenavirus	ROUT virus (ROUTV)
	Rotterdam reptarenavirus	University of Helsinki virus 1 (UHV-1)
Family Cruliviridae
Lincruvirus	Crustacean lincruvirus^*	Wēnlǐng crustacean virus 9 (WlCV-9)
Family Fimoviridae
Emaravirus	Actinidia chlorotic ringspot-associated emaravirus	Actinidia chlorotic ringspot-associated virus (AcCRaV)
	European mountain ash ringspotassociated emaravirus^*	European mountain ash ringspotassociated virus (EMARaV)
	Fig mosaic emaravirus	fig mosaic virus (FMV)
	High Plains wheat mosaic emaravirus	High Plains wheat mosaic virus
	High Plains wheat mosaic emaravirus	(HPWMoV)
	Pigeonpea sterility mosaic emaravirus 1	pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus (PPSMV)
	Pigeonpea sterility mosaic emaravirus 2	pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus 2 (PPSMV-2)
	Raspberry leaf blotch emaravirus	raspberry leaf blotch virus (RLBV)
	Redbud yellow ringspot-associated emaravirus	redbud yellow ringspot-associated virus (RYRaV)
	Rose rosette emaravirus	rose rosette virus (RRV)
Family Hantaviridae
Subfamily Actantavirinae
Actinovirus	Batfish actinovirus^*	Wēnlǐng minipizza batfish virus (WEMBV)
	Goosefish actinovirus	Wēnlǐng yellow goosefish virus (WEYGV)
	Spikefish actinovirus	Wēnlǐng red spikefish virus (WERSV)
Subfamily Agantavirinae
Agnathovirus	Hagfish agnathovirus^*	Wēnlǐng hagfish virus (WEHV)
Subfamily Mammantavirinae
Loanvirus	Longquan loanvirus^*	Lóngquán virus (LQUV)
Mobatvirus	Laibin mobatvirus	Láibīn virus (LAIV)
	Nova mobatvirus^*	Nova virus (NVAV)
	Quezon mobatvirus	Quezon virus (QZNV)
Orthohantavirus	Andes orthohantavirus	Andes virus (ANDV)
		Castelo dos Sonhos virus (CASV)
		Lechiguanas virus (LECV = LECHV)
		Orán virus (ORNV)
	Asama orthohantavirus	Asama virus (ASAV)
	Asikkala orthohantavirus	Asikkala virus (ASIV)
	Bayou orthohantavirus	bayou virus (BAYV)
	Bayou orthohantavirus	Catacamas virus (CATV)
	Black Creek Canal orthohantavirus	Black Creek Canal virus (BCCV)
	Bowe orthohantavirus	Bowé virus (BOWV)
	Bruges orthohantavirus	Bruges virus (BRGV)
	Cano Delgadito orthohantavirus	Caño Delgadito virus (CADV)
	Cao Bang orthohantavirus	Cao Bằng virus (CBNV)
	Cao Bang orthohantavirus	Liánghé virus (LHEV)
	Choclo orthohantavirus	Choclo virus (CHOV)
	Dabieshan orthohantavirus	Dàbiéshān virus (DBSV)
	Dobrava-Belgrade orthohantavirus	Dobrava virus (DOBV)
		Kurkino virus (KURV)
		Saaremaa virus (SAAV)
		Sochi virus (SOCV)
	El Moro Canyon orthohantavirus	Carrizal virus (CARV)
		El Moro Canyon virus (ELMCV)
		Huitzilac virus (HUIV)
	Fugong orthohantavirus	Fúgòng virus (FUGV)
	Fusong orthohantavirus	Fǔsōng virus (FUSV)
	Hantaan orthohantavirus^*	Amur virus (AMRV)
		Hantaan virus (HTNV)
		Soochong virus (SOOV)
	Jeju orthohantavirus	Jeju virus (JJUV)
	Kenkeme orthohantavirus	Kenkeme virus (KKMV)
	Khabarovsk orthohantavirus	Khabarovsk virus (KHAV)
	Khabarovsk orthohantavirus	Topografov virus (TOPV)
	Laguna Negra orthohantavirus	Laguna Negra virus (LANV)
		Maripa virus (MARV)
		Río Mamoré virus (RIOMV)
	Luxi orthohantavirus	Lúxī virus (LUXV)
	Maporal orthohantavirus	Maporal virus (MAPV)
	Montano orthohantavirus	Montaño virus (MTNV)
	Necocli orthohantavirus	Necoclí virus (NECV)
	Oxbow orthohantavirus	Oxbow virus (OXBV)
	Prospect Hill orthohantavirus	Prospect Hill virus (PHV)
	Puumala orthohantavirus	Hokkaido virus (HOKV)
		Muju virus (MUJV)
		Puumala virus (PUUV)
	Rockport orthohantavirus	Rockport virus (RKPV)
	Sangassou orthohantavirus	Sangassou virus (SANGV)
	Seewis orthohantavirus	Seewis virus (SWSV)
	Seoul orthohantavirus	gōu virus (GOUV)
	Seoul orthohantavirus	Seoul virus (SEOV)
	Sin Nombre orthohantavirus	New York virus (NYV)
	Sin Nombre orthohantavirus	Sin Nombre virus (SNV)
	Thailand orthohantavirus	Anjozorobe virus (ANJZV)
		Serang virus (SERV)
		Thailand virus (THAIV)
	Tigray orthohantavirus	Tigray virus (TIGV)
	Tula orthohantavirus	Adler virus (ADLV)
	Tula orthohantavirus	Tula virus (TULV)
	Yakeshi orthohantavirus	Yákèshí virus (YKSV)
Thottimvirus	Imjin thottimvirus	Imjin virus (MJNV)
Thottimvirus	Thottapalayam thottimvirus^*	Thottapalayam virus (TPMV)
Subfamily Repantavirinae
Reptillovirus	Gecko reptillovirus^*	Hǎinán oriental leaf-toed gecko virus (HOLGV)
Family Leishbuviridae
Shilevirus	Leptomonas shilevirus^*	Leptomonas moramango virus (LEPMV)
Family Mypoviridae
Hubavirus	Myriapod hubavirus^*	Húběi myriapoda virus 5 (HbMV-5)
Family Nairoviridae
Orthonairovirus	Artashat orthonairovirus	Artashat virus (ARTSV)
	Chim orthonairovirus	Chim virus (CHIMV)
	Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever	Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
	orthonairovirus	(CCHFV)
	Dera Ghazi Khan orthonairovirus	Abu Hammad virus (AHV)
		Abu Mina virus (AMV)
		Dera Ghazi Khan virus (DGKV)
		Sapphire II virus (SAPV)
	Dugbe orthonairovirus^*	Dugbe virus (DUGV)
	Dugbe orthonairovirus^*	kupe virus (KUPEV)
	Estero Real orthonairovirus	Estero Real virus (ERV)
	Hazara orthonairovirus	Hazara virus (HAZV)
	Hazara orthonairovirus	Tofla virus (TFLV)
	Hughes orthonairovirus	Caspiy virus (CASV)
		Farallon virus (FARV)
		Great Saltee virus (GRSV)
		Hughes virus (HUGV)
		Punta Salinas virus (PSV)
		Raza virus (RAZAV)
		Soldado virus (SOLV)
		Zirqa virus (ZIRV)
	Kasokero orthonairovirus	Kasokero virus (KASV = KASOV)
		Leopards Hill virus (LPHV)
		Yogue virus (YOGV)
	Keterah orthonairovirus	Gossas virus (GOSV)
		Issyk-kul virus (ISKV)
		Keterah virus (KTRV)
		Uzun-Agach virus (UZAV)
	Nairobi sheep disease orthonairovirus	Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV)
	Qalyub orthonairovirus	Bandia virus (BDAV)
		Geran virus (GERV)
		Qalyub virus (QYBV)
	Sakhalin orthonairovirus	Avalon virus (AVAV)
		Clo Mor virus (CMV = CLMV)
		Sakhalin virus (SAKV)
		Taggert virus (TAGV)
		Tillamook virus (TILLV)
	Tamdy orthonairovirus	Burana virus (BURV)
		Huángpí tick virus 1 (HpTV-1)
		Tǎchéng tick virus 1 (TcTV-1)
		Tamdy virus (TAMV)
		Wēnzhōu tick virus (WzTV)
	Thiafora orthonairovirus	Erve virus (ERVEV)
	Thiafora orthonairovirus	Thiafora virus (TFAV)
Shaspivirus	Spider shaspivirus^*	Shāyáng spider virus 1 (SySV-1)
Striwavirus	Strider striwavirus^*	Sānxiá water strider virus 1 (SxWSV-1)
Family Peribunyaviridae
Herbevirus	Herbert herbevirus^*	Herbert virus (HEBV)
	Kibale herbevirus	Kibale virus (KIBV)
	Tai herbevirus	Taï virus (TAIV)
Orthobunyavirus	Acara orthobunyavirus	Acará virus (ACAV)
	Acara orthobunyavirus	Moriche virus (MORV)
	Aino orthobunyavirus	Aino virus (AINOV)
	Akabane orthobunyavirus	Akabane virus (AKAV)
		Tinaroo virus (TINV)
		Yaba-7 virus (Y7V)
	Alajuela orthobunyavirus	Alajuela virus (ALJV)
	Alajuela orthobunyavirus	San Juan virus (SJV)
	Anadyr orthobunyavirus	Anadyr virus (ANADV)
	Anhembi orthobunyavirus	Anhembi virus (AMBV)
	Anopheles A orthobunyavirus	Anopheles A virus (ANAV)
		Arumateua virus (ARTV = ARMTV)
		Caraipé virus (CPEV = CRPV)
		Las Maloyas virus (LMV)
		Lukuni virus (LUKV)
		Trombetas virus (TRMV)
		Tucuruí virus (TUCV = TUCRV)
	Anopheles B orthobunyavirus	Anopheles B virus (ANBV)
	Anopheles B orthobunyavirus	Boracéia virus (BORV)
	Bakau orthobunyavirus	Bakau virus (BAKV)
		Ketapang virus (KETV)
		Nola virus (NOLAV)
		Tanjong Rabok virus (TRV)
		Telok Forest virus (TFV)
	Batai orthobunyavirus	Batai virus (BATV)
	Batama orthobunyavirus	Batama virus (BMAV)
	Bellavista orthobunyavirus	Bellavista virus (BELLV)
	Benevides orthobunyavirus	Benevides virus (BVSV = BENV)
	Bertioga orthobunyavirus	Bertioga virus (BERV)
		Cananéia virus (CNAV)
		Guaratuba virus (GTBV)
		Itimirim virus (ITIV)
		Mirim virus (MIRV)
	Bimiti orthobunyavirus	bimiti virus (BIMV)
	Birao orthobunyavirus	Birao virus (BIRV)
	Botambi orthobunyavirus	Botambi virus (BOTV)
	Bozo orthobunyavirus	Bozo virus (BOZOV)
	Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus^*	Bunyamwera virus (BUNV)
		Germiston virus (GERV)
		Lokern virus (LOKV)
		Mboké virus (MBOV)
		Ngari virus (NRIV)
		Northway virus (NORV)
		Santa Rosa virus (SARV)
		Shokwe virus (SHOV)
		Stanfield virus (STAV)
		Xingu virus (XINV)
	Bushbush orthobunyavirus	Benfica virus (BENV = BNFV)
		Bushbush virus (BSBV)
		Juan Díaz virus (JDV)
	Buttonwillow orthobunyavirus	Buttonwillow virus (BUTV)
	Bwamba orthobunyavirus	Bwamba virus (BWAV)
	Bwamba orthobunyavirus	Pongola virus (PGAV)
	Cache Valley orthobunyavirus	Cache Valley virus (CVV)
		Cholul virus (CHLV)
		Tlacotalpan virus (TLAV)
	Cachoeira Porteira orthobunyavirus	Cachoeira Porteira virus (CPOV)
	California encephalitis orthobunyavirus	California encephalitis virus (CEV)
	California encephalitis orthobunyavirus	Morro Bay virus (MBV)
	Capim orthobunyavirus	Capim virus (CAPV)
	Caraparu orthobunyavirus	Apeú virus (APEUV)
		Bruconha virus (BRUV)
		Caraparú virus (CARV)
		El Huayo virus (EHUV)
Itaya virus (ITYV)
Ossa virus (OSSAV)
Vinces virus (VINV)
Cat Que orthobunyavirus	Cát Quế virus (CQV)
Cat Que orthobunyavirus	Oya virus (OYAV)
Catu orthobunyavirus	Catú virus (CATUV)
Enseada orthobunyavirus	Enseada virus (ENSV)
Faceys paddock orthobunyavirus	Facey’s paddock virus (FPV)
Fort Sherman orthobunyavirus	Fort Sherman virus (FSV)
Gamboa orthobunyavirus	Brus Laguna virus (BLAV)
	Calchaquí virus (CQIV)
	Gamboa virus (GAMV)
	Pueblo Viejo virus (PVV)
	Soberanía virus (SOBV)
Guajara orthobunyavirus	Guajará virus (GJAV)
Guama orthobunyavirus	Ananindeua virus (ANUV)
	Guamá virus (GMAV)
	Mahogany Hammock virus (MHV)
	Moju virus (MOJUV)
Guaroa orthobunyavirus	Guaroa virus (GROV)
Iaco orthobunyavirus	Iaco virus (IACOV)
Ilesha orthobunyavirus	Ilesha virus (ILEV)
Ingwavuma orthobunyavirus	Ingwavuma virus (INGV)
Jamestown Canyon orthobunyavirus	Inkoo virus (INKV)
	Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV)
	Jerry Slough virus (JSV)
	South River virus (SORV)
Jatobal orthobunyavirus	Jatobal virus (JATV)
Kaeng Khoi orthobunyavirus	Kaeng Khoi virus (KKV)
Kairi orthobunyavirus	Kairi virus (KRIV)
Keystone orthobunyavirus	Keystone virus (KEYV)
Koongol orthobunyavirus	koongol virus (KOOV)
Koongol orthobunyavirus	wongal virus (WONV)
La Crosse orthobunyavirus	La Crosse virus (LACV)
Leanyer orthobunyavirus	Leanyer virus (LEAV)
Lumbo orthbunyavirus	Lumbo virus (LUMV)
Macaua orthobunyavirus	Macauã virus (MCAV)
Madrid orthobunyavirus	Madrid virus (MADV)
Maguari orthobunyavirus	Maguari virus (MAGV)
Maguari orthobunyavirus	Playas virus (PLAV)
Main Drain orthobunyavirus	Main Drain virus (MDV)
Manzanilla orthobunyavirus	Manzanilla virus (MANV)
Manzanilla orthobunyavirus	Inini virus (INIV)
Marituba orthobunyavirus	Gumbo Limbo virus (GLV)
	Marituba virus (MTBV)
	Murutucú virus (MURV)
	Nepuyo virus (NEPV)
	Restan virus (RESV)
	Zungarococha virus (ZUNV)
Melao orthobunyavirus	Melao virus (MELV)
Mermet orthobunyavirus	Mermet virus (MERV)
Minatitlan orthobunyavirus	Minatitlán virus (MNTV)
Minatitlan orthobunyavirus	Palestina virus (PLSV)
MPoko orthobunyavirus	M’Poko virus (MPOV)
MPoko orthobunyavirus	Yaba-1 virus (Y1V)
Nyando orthobunyavirus	Eretmapodites virus (ERETV)
	Mojuí dos Campos virus (MDCV)
	Nyando virus (NDV)
Olifantsvlei orthobunyavirus	Bobia virus (BIAV)
	Dabakala virus (DABV)
	Olifantsvlei virus (OLIV)
	Oubi virus (OUBIV)
Oriboca orthobunyavirus	Itaquí virus (ITQV)
Oriboca orthobunyavirus	Oriboca virus (ORIV)
Oropouche orthobunyavirus	Iquitos virus (IQTV)^d
	Madre de Dios virus (MDDV)
	Oropouche virus (OROV)
	Perdões virus (PDEV)
	Pintupo virus (PINTV)
Patois orthobunyavirus	Abras virus (ABRV)
	Babahoya virus (BABV)
	Pahayokee virus (PAHV)
	Patois virus (PATV)
	Shark River virus (SRV)
Peaton orthobunyavirus	Peaton virus (PEAV)
Potosi orthobunyavirus	Potosi virus (POTV)
Sabo orthobunyavirus	Sabo virus (SABOV)
San Angelo orthobunyavirus	San Angelo virus (SAV)
Sango orthobunyavirus	Sango virus (SANV)
Schmallenberg orthobunyavirus	Douglas virus (DOUV)
	Sathuperi virus (SATV)
	Schmallenberg virus (SBV)
	Shamonda virus (SHAV)
Serra do Navio orthobunyavirus	Serra do Navio virus (SDNV)
Shuni orthobunyavirus	Kaikalur virus (KAIV)
Shuni orthobunyavirus	Shuni virus (SHUV)
Simbu orthobunyavirus	Para virus (PARAV)
Simbu orthobunyavirus	Simbu virus (SIMV)
Snowshoe hare orthobunyavirus	Khatanga virus (KHATV)⁹
Snowshoe hare orthobunyavirus	snowshoe hare virus (SSHV)
Sororoca orthobunyavirus	Sororoca virus (SORV)
Tacaiuma orthobunyavirus	CoAr 1071 virus (CA1071V)
	CoAr 3627 virus (CA3626V)
	Tacaiuma virus (TCMV)
	Virgin River virus (VRV)
Tahyna orthobunyavirus	Ťahyňa virus (TAHV)
Tataguine orthobunyavirus	Tataguine virus (TATV)
Tensaw orthobunyavirus	Tensaw virus (TENV)
Tete orthobunyavirus	Bahig virus (BAHV)
	Matruh virus (MTRV)
	Tete virus (TETEV)
	Tsuruse virus (TSUV)
	Weldona virus (WELV)
Thimiri orthobunyavirus	Thimiri virus (THIV)
Timboteua orthobunyavirus	Timboteua virus (TBTV)
Trivittatus orthobunyavirus	Achiote virus (ACHOV)
Trivittatus orthobunyavirus	Trivittatus virus (TVTV)
Turlock orthobunyavirus	Lednice virus (LEDV)
	Turlock virus (TURV)
	Umbre virus (UMBV)
Utinga orthobunyavirus	Utinga virus (UTIV)
Witwatersrand orthobunyavirus	Witwatersrand virus (WITV)
Wolkberg orthobunyavirus	Wolkberg virus (WBV)
Wyeomyia orthobunyavirus	Rio Pracupi virus
	Taiassui virus (TAIAV)
	Tucunduba virus (TUCV)
	Wyeomyia virus (WYOV)
Zegla orthobunyavirus	Zegla virus (ZEGV)
Pacuvirus	Pacui pacuvirus^*	Pacui virus (PACV)
	Rio Preto da Eva pacuvirus	Rio Preto da Eva virus (RPEV)
	Tapirape pacuvirus	Tapirapé virus (TAPV)
Shangavirus	Insect shangavirus^*	Shuāngào insect virus 1 (SgIV-1)
Family Phasmaviridae
Feravirus	Ferak feravirus^*	Ferak virus (FRKV)
Inshuvirus	Insect inshuvirus^*	Shuāngào insect virus 2 (SgIV-2)
Jonvirus	Jonchet jonvirus^*	jonchet virus (JONV)
Orthophasmavirus	Culex orthophasmavirus	Culex orthophasmavirus (CPLV)
	Ganda orthophasmavirus	Ganda orthophasmavirus (GBEEV)
	Kigluaik phantom orthophasmavirus^*	Kigluaik phantom virus (KIGV)
	Nome phantom orthophasmavirus	Nome phantom virus (NOMV)
	Odonate orthophasmavirus	Odonate orthophasmavirus (HbOV-8)
	Qingling orthophasmavirus	Qingling orthophasmavirus (HbOV-9)
	Seattle orthophasmavirus	Seattle orthophasmavirus (SEPV)
	Wuchang cockroach orthophasmavirus 1	Wǔchāng cockroach virus 1 (WcCV-1)
	Wuhan mosquito orthophasmavirus 1	Wǔhàn mosquito virus 1 (WhMV-1)
	Wuhan mosquito orthophasmavirus 2	Wǔhàn mosquito virus 2 (WhMV-2)
Sawastrivirus	Sanxia sawastrivirus^*	Sānxiá water strider virus 2 (SxWSV-2)
Wuhivirus	Insect wuhivirus^*	Wǔhàn insect virus 2 (WhIV-2)
Family Phenuiviridae
Banyangvirus	Guertu banyangvirus	Guertu virus (GTV)
	Heartland banyangvirus	Heartland virus (HRTV)
	Huaiyangshan banyangvirus^*	severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV)
Beidivirus	Dipteran beidivirus^*	Húběi diptera virus 3 (HbDV-3)
Goukovirus	Cumuto goukovirus	Cumuto virus (CUMV)
	Gouleako goukovirus^*	Gouléako virus (GOLV)
	Yichang insect goukovirus	Yíchāng insect virus (YcIV)
Horwuvirus	Horsefly horwuvirus^*	Wǔhàn horsefly virus (WhHV)
Hudivirus	Dipteran hudivirus^*	Húběi diptera virus 4 (HbDV-4)
Hudovirus	Lepidopteran hudovirus^*	Húběi lepidoptera virus 1 (HbLV-1)
Kabutovirus	Huangpi kabutovirus^*	Huángpí tick virus 2 (HpTV-2)
Kabutovirus	Kabuto mountain kabutovirus	Kabuto mountain virus (KAMV)
Laulavirus	Laurel Lake laulavirus^*	Laurel Lake virus (LLV)
Mobuvirus	Mothra mobuvirus^*	Mothra virus (MTHV)
Phasivirus	Badu phasivirus^*	Badu virus (BADUV)
	Phasi Charoen-like phasivirus	Phasi Chaeron-like virus (PCLV)
	Wutai mosquito phasivirus	Wǔtái mosquito virus (WtMV)
Phlebovirus	Bujaru phlebovirus	Bujaru virus (BUJV)
	Bujaru phlebovirus	Munguba virus (MUNV)
	Candiru phlebovirus	Alenquer virus (ALEV)
		Ariquemes virus (ARQV)
		Candirú virus (CDUV)
		Itaituba virus (ITAV)
		Jacundá virus (JCNV)
		Maldonado virus (MLOV)
		Morumbi virus (MR(M)BV)
		Mucura virus (MCRV/MRAV)
		Nique virus (NIQV)
		Oriximiná virus (ORXV)
		Serra Norte virus (SRNV)
		Turuna virus (TUAV)
	Chilibre phlebovirus	Cacao virus (CACV)
	Chilibre phlebovirus	Chilibre virus (CHIV)
	Frijoles phlebovirus	Frijoles virus (FRIV)
	Frijoles phlebovirus	Joá virus (JOAV)
	Mukawa phlebovirus	Mukawa virus (MKWV)
	Punta Toro phlebovirus	Buenaventura virus (BUEV)
		Campana virus (CMAV)
		Capira virus (CAPIV)
		Coclé virus (CCLV)
		Leticia virus (LTCV)
		Punta Toro virus (PTV)
	Rift Valley fever phlebovirus^*	Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV)
	Salehabad phlebovirus	Adana virus (ADAV)
		Adria virus (ADRV)
		Alcube virus
		Arbia virus (ARBV)
		Arumowot virus (AMTV)
		Bregalaka virus (BREV)
		Medjerda Valley virus (MVV)
		Odrénisrou virus (ODRV)
		Olbia virus (OLBV)
		Salehabad virus (SALV)
		Zaba virus (ZABAV)
	Sandfly fever Naples phlebovirus	Arrábida virus (ARRV)
		Balkan virus (BALKV)
		Fermo virus (FERV)
		Gordil virus (GORV)
		Granada virus (GRV = GRAV)
		Massilia virus (MASV)
		Punique virus (PUNV)
		Saddaguia virus (SADV)
		Saint-Floris virus (SAFV)
		sandfly fever Naples virus (SFNV)
		Tehran virus (THEV)
		Toscana virus (TOSV)
		Zerdali virus (ZERV)
	Uukuniemi phlebovirus	Chizé virus (CHZV)
		EgAN 1825–61 virus (EGAV)
		Fin V 707 virus (FINV)
		Oceanside virus (OCV = OCEV)
		Pontevès virus (PTVV)
		St. Abbs Head virus (SAHV)
		Uukuniemi virus (UUKV)
		Zaliv Terpenyia virus (ZTV)
Pidchovirus	Pidgey pidchovirus^*	Pidgey virus (PGYV)
Tenuivirus	Echinochloa hoja blanca tenuivirus	Echinochloa hoja blanca virus (EHBV)
	Iranian wheat stripe tenuivirus	Iranian wheat stripe virus (IWSV)
	Maize stripe tenuivirus	maize stripe virus (MStV = MSpV)
	Rice grassy stunt tenuivirus	rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV)
	Rice hoja blanca tenuivirus	rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV)
	Rice stripe tenuivirus^*	rice stripe virus (RSV = RStV)
	Urochloa hoja blanca tenuivirus	Urochloa hoja blanca virus (UHBV)
Wenrivirus	Shrimp wenrivirus^*	Wēnzhōu shrimp virus 1 WzSV-1
Wubeivirus	Dipteran wubeivirus^*	Húběi diptera virus 5 (HbDV-5)
Wubeivirus	Fly wubeivirus	Wǔhàn fly virus 1 (WhFV-1)
Family Tospoviridae
Orthotospovirus	Bean necrotic mosaic orthotospovirus	bean necrotic mosaic virus (BeNMV)
	Calla lily chlorotic spot orthotospovirus	calla lily chlorotic spot virus (CCSV)
	Capsicum chlorosis orthotospovirus	capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV)
	Chrysanthemum stem necrosis orthotospovirus	chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV)
	Groundnut bud necrosis tospovirus¹	groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV)
	Groundnut ringspot tospovirus¹	groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV)
	Groundnut yellow spot tospovirus¹	groundnut yellow spot virus (GYSV)
	Impatiens necrotic spot tospovirus¹	impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV)
	Iris yellow spot tospovirus¹	iris yellow spot virus (IYSV)
	Melon severe mosaic orthotospovirus	melon severe mosaic virus (MSMV)
	Melon yellow spot orthotospovirus	melon yellow spot virus (MYSV)
	Polygonum ringspot tospovirus¹	polygonum ringspot virus (PolRSV)
	Soybean vein necrosis orthotospovirus	soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV)
	Tomato chlorotic spot tospovirus¹	tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV)
	Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus^*¹	tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)
	Watermelon bud necrosis tospovirus¹	watermelon bud necrosis virus (WBNV)
	Watermelon silver mottle tospovirus¹	watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV)
	Zucchini lethal chlorosis tospovirus¹	zucchini lethal chlorosis virus (ZLCV)
Family Wupedeviridae
Wumivirus	Millipede wumivirus^*	Wǔhàn millipede virus 2 (WhMV-2)
Unassigned
Coguvirus	Citrus coguvirus^*	citrus concave gum-associated virus (CCGaV)

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type species

Due to a formal classification mistake, this species was not correctly renamed to include the genus epithet “orthotospovirus”. A proposal to ensure that all species included in the genus Orthotospovirus are named uniformly ending in “orthotospovirus” will be submitted prior to the next taxonomic proposal submission deadline.

^¶

Please note that viruses are real objects that are assigned to concepts that are called taxa. Species, genera, families, and orders are taxa. Taxon names are always italicized and always begin with a capital letter. Virus names, on the other hand, are not italicized and are not capitalized, except if the name or a name component is a proper noun. This column lists the virus names with their correct (lack of) capitalization. Lists of viruses within a given species are provisional at this point and will likely be amended in the near future.

Acknowledgments

We thank Laura Bollinger (NIH/NIAID Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA) for critically editing the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported in part through Battelle Memorial Institute’s prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272200700016I (J.H.K.). This work was also funded in part by grant 109520 by the UK Department of Health, Public Health England (R.H.). W.M.S. is supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil (17/13981-0). This work was supported by the Intergovernmental Special Program of State Key Research and Development Plan from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2016YFE0113500) and European Union’s Horizon 2020 EVAg project (No 653316).

Footnotes

Compliance with ethical standards

The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the US Department of the Army, the US Department of Defense, the US Department of Health and Human Services, or of the institutions and companies affiliated with the authors. In no event shall any of these entities have any responsibility or liability for any use, misuse, inability to use, or reliance upon the information contained herein. The US departments do not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

References

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5.Chen CC, Chen TC, Lin YH, Yeh SD, Hsu HT (2005) A chlorotic spot disease on calla lilies (Zantedeschia spp.) is caused by a tospovirus serologically but distantly related to watermelon silver mottle virus. Plant Dis 89:440–445 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
6.Ciuffo M, Kurowski C, Vivoda E, Copes B, Masenga V, Falk BW, Turina M (2009) A new Tospovirus sp. in cucurbit crops in Mexico Plant Dis 93:467–474 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
7.Ciuffo M, Nerva L, Turina M (2017) Full-length genome sequence of the tospovirus melon severe mosaic virus. Arch Virol 162:1419–1422 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
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9.de Souza WM, Acrani GO, Romeiro MF, Reis O Jr., Tolardo AL, da Silva SP, de Almeida Medeiros DB, Varela M, Nunes MRT, Figueiredo LTM (2016) Molecular characterization of Capim and Enseada orthobunyaviruses. Infect Genet Evol 40:47–53 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
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[R1] 1.Aguilar PV, Marciel de Souza W, Silvas JA, Wood T, Widen S, Fumagalli MJ, Nunes MRT (2018) Genetic characterization of the Patois Serogroup (genus Orthobunyavirus; family Peribunyaviridae) and evidence that Estero Real Virus is a member of the genus Orthonairovirus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 99:451–457 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R2] 2.Akopyants NS, Lye L-F, Dobson DE, Lukeš J, Beverley SM (2016) A novel bunyavirus-like virus of trypanosomatid protist parasites. Genome Announc 4:e00715–00716 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R3] 3.Bezerra IC, Resende RdO, Pozzer L, Nagata T, Kormelink R, De Ávila AC (1999) Increase of tospoviral diversity in Brazil with the identification of two new tospovirus species, one from chrysanthemum and one from zucchini. Phytopathology 89:823–830 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R4] 4.Calisher CH, Coimbra TLM, Lopez OdS, Muth DJ, Sacchetta LdA, Francy DB, Lazuick JS, Cropp CB (1983) Identification of new Guama and Group C serogroup bunyaviruses and an ungrouped virus from Southern Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 32:424–431 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R5] 5.Chen CC, Chen TC, Lin YH, Yeh SD, Hsu HT (2005) A chlorotic spot disease on calla lilies (Zantedeschia spp.) is caused by a tospovirus serologically but distantly related to watermelon silver mottle virus. Plant Dis 89:440–445 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R6] 6.Ciuffo M, Kurowski C, Vivoda E, Copes B, Masenga V, Falk BW, Turina M (2009) A new Tospovirus sp. in cucurbit crops in Mexico Plant Dis 93:467–474 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R7] 7.Ciuffo M, Nerva L, Turina M (2017) Full-length genome sequence of the tospovirus melon severe mosaic virus. Arch Virol 162:1419–1422 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R8] 8.de Oliveira AS, Melo FL, Inoue-Nagata AK, Nagata T, Kitajima EW, Resende RO (2012) Characterization of bean necrotic mosaic virus: a member of a novel evolutionary lineage within the genus Tospovirus. PLoS One 7:e38634. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R9] 9.de Souza WM, Acrani GO, Romeiro MF, Reis O Jr., Tolardo AL, da Silva SP, de Almeida Medeiros DB, Varela M, Nunes MRT, Figueiredo LTM (2016) Molecular characterization of Capim and Enseada orthobunyaviruses. Infect Genet Evol 40:47–53 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R10] 10.Dullemans AM, Verhoeven JTJ, Kormelink R, van der Vlugt RAA (2015) The complete nucleotide sequence of chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus. Arch Virol 160:605–608 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R11] 11.Ejiri H, Lim C-K, Isawa H, Yamaguchi Y, Fujita R, Takayama-Ito M, Kuwata R, Kobayashi D, Horiya M, Posadas-Herrera G, Iizuka-Shiota I, Kakiuchi S, Katayama Y, Hayashi T, Sasaki T, Kobayashi M, Morikawa S, Maeda K, Mizutani T, Kaku K, Saijo M, Sawabe K (2018) Isolation and characterization of Kabuto Mountain virus, a new tick-borne phlebovirus from Haemaphysalis flava ticks in Japan. Virus Res 244:252–261 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R12] 12.Goüy de Bellocq J, Těšíková J, Meheretu Y, Čížková D, Bryjová A, Leirs H, Bryja J (2016) Complete genome characterisation and phylogenetic position of Tigray hantavirus from the Ethiopian white-footed mouse, Stenocephalemys albipes. Infect Genet Evol 45:242–245 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R13] 13.Groseth A, Vine V, Weisend C, Guevara C, Watts D, Russell B, Tesh RB, Ebihara H (2017) Maguari virus associated with human disease. Emerg Infect Dis 23:1325–1331 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R14] 14.Hang J, Yang Y, Kuschner RA, Evangelista J, Astete H, Halsey ES, Kochel TJ, Forshey BM (2016) Genome sequence of Bellavista virus, a novel orthobunyavirus isolated from a pool of mosquitoes captured near Iquitos, Peru. Genome Announc 4:e01262–01216 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R15] 15.Kato K, Handa K, Kameya-Iwaki M (2000) Melon yellow spot virus: a distinct species of the genus Tospovirus isolated from melon. Phytopathology 90:422–426 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R16] 16.Knierim D, Blawid R, Maiss E (2006) The complete nucleotide sequence of a capsicum chlorosis virus isolate from Lycopersicum esculentum in Thailand. Arch Virol 151:1761–1782 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R17] 17.Li C-X, Shi M, Tian J-H, Lin X-D, Kang Y-J, Chen L-J, Qin X-C, Xu J, Holmes EC, Zhang Y-Z (2015) Unprecedented genomic diversity of RNA viruses in arthropods reveals the ancestry of negativesense RNA viruses. Elife 4:e05378. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R18] 18.Lin Y-H, Chen T-C, Hsu H-T, Liu F-L, Chu F-H, Chen C-C, Lin Y-Z, Yeh S-D (2005) Serological comparison and molecular characterization for verification of calla lily chlorotic spot virus as a new tospovirus species belonging to Watermelon silver mottle virus serogroup. Phytopathology 95:1482–1488 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R19] 19.Maes P, Alkhovsky SV, Bào Y, Beer M, Birkhead M, Briese T, Buchmeier MJ, Calisher CH, Charrel RN, Choi IR, Clegg CS, Torre JCdl, Delwart E, DeRisi JL, Bello PLD, Serio FD, Digiaro M, Dolja VV, Drosten C, Druciarek TZ, Du J, Ebihara H, Elbeaino T, Gergerich RC, Gillis AN, Gonzalez J-PJ, Haenni A-L, Hepojoki J, Hetzel U, Hồ T, Hóng N, Jain RK, Vuren PJv, Jin Q, Jonson MG, Junglen S, Keller KE, Kemp A, Kipar A, Kondov NO, Koonin EV, Kormelink R, Korzyukov Y, Krupovic M, Lambert AJ, Laney AG, LeBreton M, Lukashevic IS, Marklewitz M, Markotter W, Martelli GP, Martin RR, Mielke-Ehret N, Mühlbach H-P, Navarro B, Ng TFF, Nunes MRT, Palacios G, Pawęska JT, Peters CJ, Plyusnin A, Radoshitzky SR, Romanowski V, Salmenperä P, Salvato MS, Sanfaçon H, Sasaya T, Schmaljohn C, Schneider BS, Shirako Y, Siddell S, Sironen TA, Stenglein MD, Storm N, Sudini H, Tesh RB, Tzanetakis IE, Uppala M, Vapalahti O, Vasilakis N, Walker PJ, Wáng G, Wáng L, Wáng Y, Wèi T, Wiley MR, Wolf YI, Wolfe ND, Wú Z, Xú W, Yang L, Yāng Z, Yeh S-D, Zhāng Y-Z, Zhèng Y, Zhou X, Zhū C, Zirkel F, Kuhn JH (2018) Taxonomy of the family Arenaviridae and the order Bunyavirales: update 2018. Arch Virol 163:2295–2310 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R20] 20.Maes P, Adkins S, Alkhovsky SV, Avšič-Županc T, Ballinger MJ, Bente DA, Beer M, Bergeron É, Blair CD, Briese T, Buchmeier MJ, Burt FJ, Calisher CH, Charrel RN 1, Choi IR, Clegg JCS, de la Torre JC, de Lamballerie X, DeRisi JL, Digiaro M, Drebot M, Ebihara H, Elbeaino T, Ergünay K, Fulhorst CF, Garrison AR, Gāo GF, Gonzalez J-PJ, Groschup MH, Günther S, Haenni A-L, Hall RA, Hewson R, Hughes HR, Jain RK, Jonson MG, Junglen S, Klempa B, Klingström J, Kormelink R, Lambert AJ, Langevin SA, Lukashevich IS, Marklewitz M, Martelli GP, Mielke-Ehret N, Mirazimi A, Mühlbach H-P, Naidu R, Nunes MRT, Palacios G, Papa A, Pawęska JT, Peters CJ, Plyusnin A, Radoshitzky SR, Resende RO, Romanowski V, Sall AA, Salvato MS, Sasaya T, Schmaljohn C, Shí X, Shirako Y, Simmonds P, Sironi M, Song J-W, Spengler JR, Stenglein MD, Tesh RB, Turina M, Wèi T, Whitfield AE, Yeh S-D, Zerbini FM, Zhang Y-Z, Zhou X, Kuhn JH (2019) Taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales: second update 2018. Arch Virol 164:927–941 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R21] 21.Makhsous N, Shean RC, Droppers D, Guan J, Jerome KR, Greninger AL (2017) Genome sequences of three novel bunyaviruses, two novel rhabdoviruses, and one novel nyamivirus from Washington state moths. Genome Announc 5:e01668–01616 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

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PERMALINK

Taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales: update 2019

Abulikemu Abudurexiti

Scott Adkins

Daniela Alioto

Sergey V Alkhovsky

Tatjana Avšič-Županc

Matthew J Ballinger

Dennis A Bente

Martin Beer

Éric Bergeron

Carol D Blair

Thomas Briese

Michael J Buchmeier

Felicity J Burt

Charles H Calisher

Chénchén Cháng

Rémi N Charrel

Il Ryong Choi

J Christopher S Clegg

Juan Carlos de la Torre

Xavier de Lamballerie

Fēi Dèng

Francesco Di Serio

Michele Digiaro

Michael A Drebot

Xiǎoméi Duàn

Hideki Ebihara

Toufic Elbeaino

Koray Ergünay

Charles F Fulhorst

Aura R Garrison

George Fú Gāo

Jean-Paul J Gonzalez

Martin H Groschup

Stephan Günther

Anne-Lise Haenni

Roy A Hall

Jussi Hepojoki

Roger Hewson

Zhìhóng Hú

Holly R Hughes

Miranda Gilda Jonson

Sandra Junglen

Boris Klempa

Jonas Klingström

Chūn Kòu

Lies Laenen

Amy J Lambert

Stanley A Langevin

Dan Liu

Igor S Lukashevich

Tāo Luò

Chuánwèi Lǚ

Piet Maes

William Marciel de Souza

Marco Marklewitz

Giovanni P Martelli

Keita Matsuno

Nicole Mielke-Ehret

Maria Minutolo

Ali Mirazimi

Abulimiti Moming

Hans-Peter Mühlbach

Rayapati Naidu

Beatriz Navarro

Márcio Roberto Teixeira Nunes

Gustavo Palacios

Anna Papa

Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa

Janusz T Pawęska

Jié Qiáo

Sheli R Radoshitzky

Renato O Resende

Víctor Romanowski

Amadou Alpha Sall

Maria S Salvato

Takahide Sasaya

Shū Shěn

Xiǎohóng Shí