Fig. 5.

Change in larval fresh weight (mean ± SE) of Mamestra brassicae at a 3 days post-hatching and b 7 days post-hatching when feeding on Arabidopsis thaliana exposed temporary to fungal volatiles in vitro, and subsequently grown in soil. Ci,  Chaetomium indicum; Fo47,  Fusarium oxysporum 47; For, F. oxysporum f.sp. raphani; Mp,  Mucor plumbeus; Pl,  Phoma leveillei; Rs,  Rhizoctonia solani; Ss,  Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Tv,  Trichoderma viride; Ua,  Ulocladium atrum; Vd,  Verticillium dahliae; Vl,  Verticillium longisporum. Main effect of the volatile exposure was tested using a one-sample Student’s t test (H₀ = 0), and difference of larval fresh weight between plants exposed to volatiles of different fungal pathogenicity was tested using two-sample Student’s t test at α = 0.05. Asterisks indicate statistical differences with the respective control plants (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001) using one-sample Student’s t test (H₀ = 0). N indicates the number of pots that were infested with 20 larvae