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. 2019 Jul 4;24(13):2452. doi: 10.3390/molecules24132452

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematization of signal transmission and transduction in plant cells. Abbreviation: ABA, abscisic acid; APX, ascorbate peroxidase; HSF, redox-sensitive transcription factor; JA, jasmonic acid; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; NADP, oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NADPH, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NPR1, redox-sensitive transcription factor; OXI1, serine/threonine kinase; PA, phosphatidic acid; PLC/PLD, phospholipases class C and D; POX, peroxidase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SA, salicylic acid; SOD, superoxide dismutase.