Table 4.
Summary table describing the impact of UV light exposure on the endogenous levels of various phenolic compounds in plants.
| Plant Species | Response of Endogenous Phenolics and Related Parameters | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Arbutus unedo | Increase in contents of phenolic compounds like theogallin, avicularin and juglanin. | [158] |
| Brassica oleracea | Increase in contents of gallic acid and sinapic acid. | [159] |
| Caryopteris mongolica | Increase in contents of flavonoids and anthocyanidins, accompanied by PAL and CHI activity. | [160] |
| Cuminum cyminum | Increase in contents of total phenolics and anthocyanins, accompanied by enhanced gene expression of DAHP and PAL. | [153] |
| Fragaria x ananassa | Increase in contents of kaempferol, ellagic acid and, glucoside derivative of cyaniding, pelargonidin and quercetin. Up-regulation of key genes involved in flavonoid pathway including CHS, CHI, FHT, DFR, FLS and FGT. |
[155] |
| Kalanchoe pinnata | Increase in contents of total flavonoids and quercitrin. | [161] |
| Lactuca sativa | Increase in contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Contents of phenolic acids were also increased including rosmarinic acid, vanillic acid, p-anisic acid, methoxycinnamic acid and chlorogenic acid. | [162] |
| Increase in total anthocyanin and phenolic contents. This is accompanied by enhanced activity of PAL enzyme and up-regulation of PAL expression. | [163] | |
| Ribes nigrum | Increase in contents of flavonols, anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids. | [164] |
| Solanum lycopersicum | Increase in total phenolic content | [165] |
| Triticum aestivum | After 3 days of UV exposure, increase in contents of total phenolics, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid and vanillic acid, whereas no change in the contents of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid and sinapic acid. Alterations in the transcript levels of PAL, C4H, 4CL, and COMT |
[83] |
| Triticum aestivum | Increase in contents of free, bound and total phenolics accompanied by enhanced PAL activity. | [166] |
| Vigna radiata | Increase in total flavonoid and phenol content, accompanied by enhanced activities of PAL and CHI enzymes. | [154] |
| Vitis vinifera | Increase in contents of astilbin, quercetin and kaempferol. | [167] |
| Increase in contents of phenolic compounds like cyaniding, petunidin, peonidin, malvidin, quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, procyanidin, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid and vanillic acid. | [157] |
CHS (chalcone synthase); CHI (chalcone isomerase); FLS (flavonol synthase); DFR (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase); FHT (flavanone 3β hydroxylase), FGT (flavonoid glycosyltransferases) PAL (phenylalanine ammonia lyase); C4H (cinnamate 4-hydroxylase); 4CL (4-coumarate: CoA ligase); cinnamylalcohol dehydrogenase (CAD); COMT (caffeic acid O-methyltransferase); DAPH (deoxyribonino heptulosinate 7-phosphate synthase).