Table 1.
Minimum inhibition concentrations of selected plant phenolic compounds against Mycobacteria.
| Compound Name | Plant Source | MIC (µg/mL) | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| pinocembrin (1) | Alpinia katsumadai Hayata | 128 c | [50] |
| eupomatenoid-1 (2) | Aristolochia elegans Mast. | 100 a | [51] |
| fargesin (3) | Aristolochia elegans Mast. | 50 a | [51] |
| (8R,8′R,9R)-cubebin (4) | Aristolochia elegans Mast. | 100 a | [51] |
| flavonoid 7-demethylartonol E (5) | Artocarpus rigidus Blume | 50 b | [52] |
| chromone artorigidusin (6) | Artocarpus rigidus Blume | 12.5 b | [52] |
| artonol B (7) | Artocarpus rigidus Blume | 100 b | [52] |
| artonin F (8) | Artocarpus rigidus Blume | 6.25 b | [52] |
| cycloartobiloxanthone (9) | Artocarpus rigidus Blume | 25 b | [52] |
| artoindonesianin C (10) | Artocarpus rigidus Blume | 12.5 b | [52] |
| (-)-butin (11) | Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. | 25 b | [53] |
| butein (12) | Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. | 12.5 b | [53] |
| butrin (13) | Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. | 50 b | [53] |
| monospermoside (14) | Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. | 25 b | [53] |
| (+)-isomonospermoside (15) | Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. | 25 b | [53] |
| 7,3′, 4′-trihydroxyflavone (16) | Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. | 50 b | [53] |
| dihydromonospermoside (17) | Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. | 50 b | [53] |
| isoliquiritigenin (18) | Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. | 25 b | [53] |
| (-)-liquiritigenin (19) | Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. | 25 b | [53] |
| formononetin (20) | Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. | 50 b | [53] |
| afrormosin (21) | Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. | 25 b | [53] |
| formononetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (22) | Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. | 100 b | [53] |
| 5,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavanone (23) | Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. | 175.8 mM b | [54] |
| 4′-hydroxy-5,6,7′-trimethoxyflavanone (24) | Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. | 606.0 mM b | [54] |
| acetin (25) | Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. | 704.2 mM b | [54] |
| luteolin (26) | Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. | 699.3 mM b | [54] |
| kaempferol-3,7-dimethyl ether (27) | Cnidoscolus chayamansa McVaugh | >50 a | [55] |
| 5-hydroxy-7,3′,4′-trimethoxy flavanone (28) | Cnidoscolus chayamansa McVaugh | >50 a | [55] |
| 5,7,3′-trihydroxy-4′,5′-(2′′′′,2′′′′-dimethylpyran)-8,2¢-di(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-(2S)-flavanone (29) | Dendrolobium lanceolatum (Dunn) Schindl. | 6.3 b | [56] |
| 5,7,3′-trihydroxy-4¢-methoxy-8,2′-di(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-(2S)-flavanone (30) | Dendrolobium lanceolatum (Dunn) Schindl. | 12.5 b | [56] |
| 7,3′,4′-trihydroxy-6-methoxy-8,2′-di(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-(2S)-flavan.(31) | Dendrolobium lanceolatum (Dunn) Schindl. | 25 b | [56] |
| 4′-hydroxy-2″,2″dimethyl-pyranoflavan (32) | Dendrolobium lanceolatum (Dunn) Schindl. | 25 b | [56] |
| 8,4′-dimethoxy-7-O-γ,-dimethylallylisoflavone (33) | Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet | 100 b | [57] |
| 3,4-methylenedioxy-10-methoxy-7-oxo[2]benzopyrano[4,3-b]benzopyran (34) | Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet | 6.25 b | [57] |
| desmethoxy kanugin (35) | Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet | 50 b | [57] |
| lacheolatin B (36) | Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet | 50 b | [57] |
| pongachromene (37) | Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet | 100 b | [57] |
| 3,7-dimethoxyflavone (38) | Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet | 50 b | [57] |
| pachycarin D (39) | Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet | 200 b | [57] |
| maackiain (40) | Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet | 50 b | [57] |
| medicarpin (41) | Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet | 100 b | [57] |
| karanjachromene (42) | Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet | 12.5 b | [57] |
| pinnatin (43) | Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet | 12.5 b | [57] |
| isobachalcone (44) | Dorstenia barteri var. multiradiata (Engl.) Hijman & C.C.Berg | 2.44 a,c | [58] |
| kanzanol C (45) | Dorstenia barteri var. multiradiata (Engl.) Hijman & C.C.Berg | 9.76 a, 19.53 c | [58] |
| 4-hydroxylonchocarpin (46) | Dorstenia barteri var. multiradiata (Engl.) Hijman & C.C.Berg | 9.76 a,c | [58] |
| stipulin (47) | Dorstenia barteri var. multiradiata (Engl.) Hijman & C.C.Berg | 39.06 a,c | [58] |
| amentoflavone (48) | Dorstenia barteri var. multiradiata (Engl.) Hijman & C.C.Berg | 39.06 a,c | [58] |
| khonkloginols A (49) | Eriosema chinense Vogel | 25 b | [59] |
| khonkloginols B (50) | Eriosema chinense Vogel | 50 b | [59] |
| khonkloginols F (51) | Eriosema chinense Vogel | 50 b | [59] |
| khonkloginols H (52) | Eriosema chinense Vogel | 25 b | [59] |
| lupinifolinol (53) | Eriosema chinense Vogel | 25 b | [59] |
| dehydrolupinifolinol (54) | Eriosema chinense Vogel | 12.5 b | [59] |
| flemichin D (55) | Eriosema chinense Vogel | 12.5 b | [59] |
| eriosemaone (56) | Eriosema chinense Vogel | 12.5 b | [59] |
| lupinifolin (57) | Eriosema chinense Vogel | 12.5 b | [59] |
| 3-hydroxyxanthyletin (58) | Ficus nervosa B.Heyne ex Roth | 16 a | [60] |
| xanthyletin (59) | Ficus nervosa B.Heyne ex Roth | 220 a | [60] |
| umbelliferone (60) | Ficus nervosa B.Heyne ex Roth | 150 a | [60] |
| scopoletin (61) | Ficus nervosa B.Heyne ex Roth | ≥110 a | [60] |
| carpachromene (62) | Ficus nervosa B.Heyne ex Roth | 110 a | [60] |
| genistein (63) | Ficus nervosa B.Heyne ex Roth | 35 a | [60] |
| prunetin (64) | Ficus nervosa B.Heyne ex Roth | 30 a | [60] |
| cajanin (65) | Ficus nervosa B.Heyne ex Roth | 110 a | [60] |
| apigenin (66) | Ficus nervosa B.Heyne ex Roth | 70a | [60] |
| naringenin (67) | Ficus nervosa B.Heyne ex Roth | ≤ 2.8 a | [60] |
| (2S)-5,7,2′-trihydroxyflavone (68) | Galenia africana L. | 110.20 µM c, 367.60 µM a | [61] |
| (E)—2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone (69) | Galenia africana L. | 468.70 µM c, 195.30 µM a | [61] |
| (E)-3,2′,4′-trihydroxy-3′-methoxychalcone (70) | Galenia africana L. | 174.80 µM a | [61] |
| isoliquiritigenin (71) | Glycyrrhiza glabra L. | 25 a | [62] |
| liquiritigenin (72) | Glycyrrhiza glabra L. | 26 a | [62] |
| 5-hydroxy-3,7,49-trimethoxyflavone (73) | Haplopappus sonoriensis (A.Gray)S.F.Blake | 33% inhibition at 100 a | [63] |
| 5,7-dihydroxy-3,49-dimethoxyflavone (74) | Haplopappus sonorensis (A.Gray) S.F.Blake | 98% inhibition at concentration of 100 a | [63] |
| 5,49-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone (75) | Haplopappus sonorensis (A.Gray) S.F.Blake | 48% inhibition at concentration of 100 a | [63] |
| 3-cinnamoyltribuloside (76) | Heritiera littoralis Aiton | 1600 d, 800 e | [64] |
| afzelin (77) | Heritiera littoralis Aiton | 1600 e | [64] |
| astilbin (78) | Heritiera littoralis Aiton | 1600 d,e | [64] |
| linaroside (79) | Lantana camara L. | 30% inhibition of 6.25 a | [65] |
| lantanoside (80) | Lantana camara L. | 37%, inhibition 6.25 a | [65] |
| dihydroguaiaretic acid (81) | Larrea tridentate (Sessé & Moc. ex DC.) Coville | 50 a | [66] |
| 4-epi-larreatricin (82) | Larrea tridentate (Sessé & Moc. ex DC.) Coville | 50 a | [66] |
| 3′-demethoxy-6-O-demethylisoguaiacin (83) | Larrea tridentate (Sessé & Moc. ex DC.) Coville | >50 a | [66] |
| 5,4′-dihydroxy-3,7,8,3′-tetramethoxyflavone (84) | Larrea tridentate (Sessé & Moc. ex DC.) Coville | >50 a | [66] |
| 5,4′-dihydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyflavone (85) | Larrea tridentate (Sessé & Moc. ex DC.) Coville | >50 a | [66] |
| nevadensin (86) | Limnophila geoffrayi Bon. | 200 b | [67] |
| isothymusin (87) | Limnophila geoffrayi Bon. | 200 b | [67] |
| isoquercitrin (88) | Ocotea notate (Nees & Mart.) Mez | 0 | [68] |
| afzelin (89) | Ocotea notate (Nees & Mart.) Mez | 0 | [68] |
| 7-methylquercetagetin (90) | Paepalanthus latipes Silveira | 500 a, 1000 g | [69] |
| 7-methylquercetagetin-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (91) | Paepalanthus latipes Silveira | 500 a, 1000 g | [69] |
| bakuchiol (92) | Psoralea corylifolia L. | 15.79 f 21.4 h >500 c |
[70] |
| chrysophanol (93) | Rheum rhaponticum L. | 64 b 128 h |
[71] |
| aloe-emodin (94) | Rheum rhaponticum L. | 64 b 128 h |
[71] |
| rhaponticin (95) | Rheum rhaponticum L. | 128 b 128 h |
[71] |
| resveratrol (96) | Rheum rhaponticum L. | 128 b 64 h |
[71] |
| barbaloin (97) | Rheum rhaponticum L. | 32 b 128 h |
[71] |
| deoxyrhaponticin (98) | Rheum rhaponticum L. | 256 b 128 h |
[71] |
| precatorin A (99) | Rhynchosia precatoria (Willd.) DC | 62.5 a | [72] |
| precatorin B (100) | Rhynchosia precatoria (Willd.) DC | 62.5 a | [72] |
| precatorin C (101) | Rhynchosia precatoria (Willd.) DC | 62.5 a | [72] |
| lupinifolin (102) | Rhynchosia precatoria (Willd.) DC | 31.25 a | [72] |
| cajanone (103) | Rhynchosia precatoria (Willd.) DC | 62.5 a | [72] |
| apigenin (104) | Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi | 14.5 h | [73] |
| tetraceranoate (105) | Tetracera potatoria Afzel. ex G.Don | 7.8 c, 125 f | [74] |
| N-hydroxy imidate-tetracerane (106) | Tetracera potatoria Afzel. ex G.Don | 31 c, 125 f | [74] |
| (+)-1-hydroxy-2,6-bis-epi-pinoresinol (107) | Valeriana laxiflora DC. | 127 a | [75] |
| 5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,4′-trimethoxyflavone (108) | Valeriana laxiflora DC. | 46.2 a | [75] |
| ferulic acid (109) | Valeriana laxiflora DC. | >128 a | [75] |
| (+)-1-hydroxypinoresinol (110) | Valeriana laxiflora DC. | >128 a | [75] |
| prinsepiol (111) | Valeriana laxiflora DC. | >128 a | [75] |
| 5,7,3′-trihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone (112) | Valeriana laxiflora DC. | >128 a | [75] |
a Antimycobacterial assay using Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv; b Antimycobacterial assay using M. tuberculosis H37Ra; c Antimycobacterial assay using M. smegmatis; d Antimycobacterial assay using M. madagascariense; e Antimycobacterial assay using M. indicus pranii; f Antimycobacterial assay using M. aurum; g Antimycobacterial assay using M. avium; h Antimycobacterial assay using M. bovis.