Abstract
Background
Few studies have been done on the effects that awareness, treatment, and control have on hypertension among governmental and institutional employees.
Hypothesis
The aim of this study was to explore prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among governmental and institutional employees.
Methods
A total of 80 governmental organizations and institutions were selected with a 2‐stage clustering sampling method in Beijing and all employees in the selected institutions were considered our study subjects. The survey questionnaires included demographic characteristics; medical, personal, and family health history; lifestyle information; and sources of blood pressure knowledge.
Results
The ages of 30 682 subjects ranged from 18 to 65 years and averaged 40.3 ± 11.4 years. The proportion of males was 54.4% (16 702 subjects). A total of 9216 subjects were diagnosed hypertensive and the prevalence rate was 30.0%. Among hypertensive patients, 5399 subjects were aware of being hypertensive and the awareness rate was 58.6%. Although 51.7% of hypertensive subjects were taking antihypertensive medications, only 2371 subjects had their blood pressure under control (<140/90 mm Hg) and the control rate was 25.7%. Only 4915 subjects (16.0%) monitored their own blood pressure regularly. Health publications (50.6%) and families/friends (49.1%) were the main sources of hypertension knowledge. Female hypertensive subjects have more effectively controlled blood pressure than their male counterparts. Subjects with a bachelor's degree or higher had a lower awareness rate and treatment rate, but a higher control rate.
Conclusions
The percentage of hypertensive subjects who are aware, treated, and controlled are unacceptably low among Chinese governmental and institutional employees. Regular medical check‐ups and measuring of blood pressure are necessary to improve awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (179.4 KB).
References
- 1. Heron M. Deaths: leading causes for 2004. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2007; 56(5): 1–95. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2. He J, Gu D, Wu X, et al. Major causes of death among men and women in China. N Engl J Med 2005; 353(11): 1124–1134. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 3. Ikeda A, Iso H, Yamagishi K, et al. Blood pressure and the risk of stroke, cardiovascular disease, and all‐cause mortality among Japanese: the JPHC Study. Am J Hypertens 2009; 22(3): 273–280. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 4. Schiele F. Renal dysfunction and coronary disease: a high‐risk combination. J Nephrol 2009; 22(1): 39–45. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 5. Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, et al. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet 2005; 365: 217–223. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 6. Li LM, Rao KQ, Kong LZ, et al. A description on the Chinese national nutrition and health survey in 2002. Chin J Epidemiol 2005; 26: 478–484. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 7. Pang XH, Jiao SF, Huang L, et al. Nutrition and health status of the Beijing residents. Chin J Prev Med 2003; 37: 269–272. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 8. Wu Y, Tai ES, Heng D, et al. Risk factors associated with hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in a multi‐ethnic Asian population. J Hypertens 2009; 27: 190–197. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 9. Ong KL, Cheung BM, Man YB, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among United States adults 1999–2004. Hypertension 2007; 49: 69–75. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 10. Whelton PK, He J, Muntner P. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in North America, North Africa and Asia. J Hum Hypertens 2004; 18(8): 545–551. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 11. Gu D, Reynolds K, Wu X, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in China. Hypertension 2002; 40(6): 920–927. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 12. Wu Y, Huxley R, Li L, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in China: data from the China National Nutrition and Health Survey 2002. Circulation 2008; 118(25): 2679–2686. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 13.National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. National High Blood Pressure Education Program 2003. NIH Publication.
- 14. Lenfant C, Chobanian AV, Jones DW, et al. Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on the prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC 7): resetting the hypertension sails. Hypertension 2003; 41: 1178–119. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 15. Chinese Guidelines for Hypertension Prevention and Treatment. Revision Committee. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House; (revised edition 2005). 2006. [Google Scholar]
- 16. Chen CM, Kong LZ. Chinese guidelines for Prevention and Control of Adult Overweight and Obesity. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House; 2006. [Google Scholar]
- 17.SAS Institute Inc. SAS/STAT Software: Version 9 SAS Institute, Inc.: Cary, NC, 2004. [Google Scholar]
- 18. Janus ED, Bunker SJ, Kilkkinen A, et al. Prevalence, detection and drug treatment of hypertension in a rural Australian population: the Greater Green Triangle Risk Factor Study 2004–2006. Intern Med J 2008; 38: 879–886. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 19. Zhao XL, Chen J, Cui YL, et al. Current status of primary hypertension in China: an epidemiological study of 12 provinces, 1 autonomous region, and 1 municipality. Chin J Med 2006; 86: 1148–1152. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 20. Zhang PH, Jiao SJ, Zhou Y, et al. Studies on prevalence and control of several common chronic diseases among Beijing adults in 2005. J Clin Epidemiol 2007; 28: 625–630. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 21. Dickson BK, Blackledge J, Hajjar IM. The impact of lifestyle behavior on hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in a southeastern population. Am J Med Sci 2006; 332(4): 211–215. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 22. Gu DF, Jiang H, Wu XG, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Chinese adults. Chin J Pre Med 2003; 37: 84–89. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 23. Zhao YH, Xie CR, Sun K, et al. Investigation on current status of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in middle‐aged population—The Health Study in Qingdao Harbor. Mol Cardiol China 2007; 7: 281–283. [Google Scholar]
- 24. Inamo J, Lang T, Atallah A, et al. Prevalence and therapeutic control of hypertension in French Caribbean regions. J Hypertens 2005; 23: 1341–1346. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 25. Wang Z, Wu Y, Zhao L, et al. Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the middle‐aged population of China, 1992–1998. Hypertens Res 2004; 27: 703–709. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 26. Marques‐Vidal P, Arveiler D, Amouyel P, et al. Sex differences in awareness and control of hypertension in France. J Hypertens 1997; 15: 1205–1210. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 27. Addo J, Amoah AG, Koram KA. The changing patterns of hypertension in Ghana: a study of four rural communities in the Ga District. Ethn Dis 2006; 16: 894–899. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 28. Ohta Y, Tsuchihashi T, Fujii K, et al. Improvement of blood pressure control in a hypertension clinic: a 10‐year follow‐up study. J Hum Hypertens 2004; 18: 273–278. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 29. Mohan V, Deepa M, Farooq S, et al. Prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in Chennai—The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES‐52). J Assoc Physicians India 2007; 55: 326–332. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 30. Rywik SL, Davis CE, Pajak A, et al. Poland and U.S. collaborative study on cardiovascular epidemiology hypertension in the community: prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the Pol‐MONICA Project and the U.S. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Ann Epidemiol 1998; 8: 3–13. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 31. Wyatt SB, Akylbekova EL, Wofford MR, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the Jackson Heart Study. Hypertension 2008; 51: 650–656. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 32. Li W, Jiang X, Ma H, et al. Awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in patients attending hospital clinics in China. J Hypertens 2003; 21(6): 1191–1197. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]