Abstract
Background: Markers of neurohormonal activation and inflammation play a pivotal role in non‐ST‐elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE‐ACS).
Hypothesis: We hypothesized that other biochemical markers could add prognostic value on Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score to predict major cardiovascular events in patients with NSTE‐ACS.
Methods: In a cohort of 172 consecutive patients with NSTE‐ACS, TIMI score was assessed in the first 24 h, and blood samples were collected for measurement of N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, CD40 ligand, and creatinine. Major clinical outcomes (death and cardiovascular hospitalization) were accessed at 30 days and 6 months. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify markers significantly associated with outcomes and, based on individual coefficients, an expanded score was developed.
Results: Of 172 patients, 42% had acute myocardial infarction. The unadjusted 30‐day event rate increased with age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00‐1.06), creatinine (OR = 2.4; 1.4‐4.1), TIMI score (OR = 1.6; 1.2‐2.2), troponin I (OR = 3.4; 1.5‐7.7), total CK (OR = 2.7; 1.2‐6.1), and NT‐proBNP (OR = 2.9; 1.3‐6.3) levels. In multivariate analysis, TIMI risk score, creatinine, and NT‐proBNP remained associated with worse prognosis. Multimarker Expanded TIMI Risk Score [TIMI score + (2 × creatinine [in mg/dl]) + (3, if NT‐proBNP > 400 pg/ml)] showed good accuracy for 30‐day (c statistic 0.77; p < 0.001) and 6‐month outcomes (c statistic 0.75; p < 0.001). The 30‐day event rates according to tertiles of expanded score were 7, 26, and 75%, respectively (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: In NSTE‐ACS, baseline levels of NT‐proBNP and creatinine are independently related to cardiovascular events. Both markers combined with TIMI risk score provide a better risk stratification than either test alone.
Keywords: acute coronary syndrome, risk stratification, brain natriuretic peptide, creatinine, inflammation, prognosis
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