Abstract
Background: Compensatory enlargement (CE) of atherosclerotic human arteries has been reported; however, the pattern of arterial remodeling in response to plaque formation is not unique.
Hypothesis: The study was undertaken to determine the extent of coronary artery compensatory enlargement at stenotic lesions and to correlate the arterial compensatory enlargement with risk factors.
Methods: We studied 62 patients with stable angina and de novo single‐vessel disease using intravascular ultrasound and obtained good images in 42 patients (68%). The vessel cross‐sectional area (VA), lumen cross‐sectional area (LA), and plaque cross‐sectional area (PA) were measured at the lesion site and at proximal and distal reference sites. Positive CE was defined as increase in VA of lesion site > 10% compared with that of proximal reference site (CE group, n = 15); shrinkage was defined as reduction in VA of lesion site > 10% compared with that of proximal reference site (S group, n = 14); inadequate CE was defined as intermediate between CE and S (IE group, n = 13). All subjects had coronary risk factors measured before this study.
Results: There was no difference in VA, LA, or PA among the three groups at the proximal and distal reference sites, nor in LA at the lesion site; however, VA and PA were significantly smaller in the S group than in the other groups (p < 0.01). Of coronary risk factors, increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), increased diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and decreased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐c) levels had the strongest association with shrinkage (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Hypertension and decreased HDL level may contribute to the shrinkage response in middle‐aged patients with stable angina.
Keywords: atherosclerosis, compensatory enlargement, coronary risk factors
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