Abstract
The spectrum of atomic promethium has been observed with a variety of light sources and spectrographs. The Zeeman effect has also been recorded. Analysis of the spectrum shows that the ground configuration of the neutral promethium atom is 4f56s2. The relative positions (in cm−1) of the low levels of this configuration are:
| 0.00 | 3919.03 | 5872.84 | |||
| 803.82 | 5089.79 | 6562.86 | |||
| 1748.78 | 5249.48 | 7497.99 | |||
| 2797.10 | 5460.50 | 8609.21 |
This group represents all levels of 4f56s2 expected below 14,000 cm−1. From these results the following values of interaction parameters and their estimated uncertainties have been inferred:
Data on 209 upper levels of even parity and 714 classified lines are given.
Keywords: Atomic spectroscopy, electronic energy levels, neutral atom, promethium, rare earth
1. Introduction
In this paper we present the first results of our investigation to determine the electronic structure of neutral promethium.
Promethium was the last lanthanon element to be discovered. Since the early 1900’s it was known that an element lying between neodymium and samarium with atomic number 61 remained to be discovered. A large number of attempts were made to find this element in nature without success. Two false claims of discovery resulted in the early names of illinium and florentium for element 61. The long sought-for element was finally identified in 1947, when Marinsky, Glendenin, and Coryell made a chemical separation of a new element from among the fission products of uranium. They chose the name promethium for element 61 “… after Prometheus, the Titan in Greek mythology who stole fire from heaven for the use of mankind.” This name was chosen not only to symbolize the dramatic way in which the element could be produced in quantity as a result of man’s harnessing of the energy of nuclear fission, but also to “… warn man of the impending danger of punishment by the vulture of war,” [1].1
The first extensive work on the spectrum of Pm was carried out at the National Bureau of Standards by Meggers, Scribner, and Bozman [2], who published a list of 2249 Pm lines excited in arcs and sparks. Their attempts to separate the lines according to ionization state and to find spectral regularities were not successful. Their paper gives many of the details of the history of the discovery of Pm and of earlier spectroscopic studies.
Promethium is an entirely artificial element. All of its isotopes are radioactive, and none has ever been found in nature. In the several investigations of the promethium spectrum to date, including the present one, the samples have consisted of monoisotopic Pm147. This is the only readily available form of Pm. It is produced in nuclear reactors as 2.6 percent of the fission products of uranium. Pm147 decays by β− emission (0.22 MeV) into Sm147 with a half-life of 2.6 years.
The original paper of Meggers, Scribner, and Bozman suggested the existence of appreciable hyperfine structure in a number of Pm147 spectrum lines. This hfs was investigated by Klinkenberg and Tomkins [3] with a 9-meter grating spectrograph and later by Reader and Davis [4, 5] with Fabry-Perot interferometers. As a result of these investigations and others by the methods of paramagnetic resonance [6] and atomic beam resonance [7], it is known that the Pm147 nucleus has a spin , a magnetic dipole moment μI = 2.6 nm, and an electric quadrupole moment Q ~ 0.7 barn. These nuclear moments cause many Pm lines to appear with very broad and complex hyperfine structure which impedes attempts to describe the spectrum.
The ionization energy of the neutral promethium atom has been estimated [8] by an interpolation method to be 5.55 ± 0.02 eV.
2. Experimental Procedure
2.1. Light Sources
The construction of light sources was undertaken with the greatest care, because Pm, being radioactive, cannot be handled in the ordinary way. The first light source was a cooled hollow cathode, made for the investigation of hyperfine structure. Its use was essential for that work [4], but it was not used extensively in the present investigation.
The more useful sources were electrodeless discharge tubes, constructed especially for us by Earl Worden at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Livermore. The promethium was obtained from Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and purified either there or at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley. A spectrographic analysis was made prior to its use. A typical tube was constructed of a section of fused silica tubing 2 cm long with 7 mm o.d. and 5 mm i.d., containing 200 μg of PmI3. A long handle was attached. No filling gas was admitted, since an initial heating of the tube released enough iodine to make subsequent starting of the discharge relatively easy.
Altogether, six of these tubes were used. Each tube was operated inside a microwave cavity, supplied with rf power by a magnetron at a frequency of 2450 MHz. The temperature of the tube (and hence intensity of the spectrum) was regulated by adjustment of power to the cavity and the amount of air-cooling. During operation, the discharge was a brilliant blue color.
2.2. Spectrographs
Our experimental investigation of the spectrum of promethium has extended over several years, and has included the taking of hundreds of spectrograms on several instruments, under many different conditions. As we gained experience and familiarity with the spectrum, each set of spectrograms was taken to provide specific information.
The 6.4-meter concave grating at Berkeley was used for preliminary testing of the light sources and identification of spectrum lines. The instrument has a plate factor of 1.25 Å/mm at 5000 Å in the first order.
The 3-meter Czerny-Turner plane-grating spectrograph at Berkeley was used for accurate wavelength measurements. This instrument has a grating of width 12.5 cm, ruled with 300 grooves/mm. It is used at angles of incidence and diffraction of approximately 64 deg. At 5000 Å the instrument is used in the 12th order, and the plate factor is 0.36 Å/mm.
A 3.4-meter Ebert plane-grating spectrograph at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley, was used for some of the Zeeman spectrograms. The angles of use, orders, and plate factor of this instrument are about the same as for the 3-meter Czerny-Turner spectrograph just described.
The 9-meter concave grating spectrograph at the Argonne National Laboratory [9, 10] was used for the early spectrograms taken for wavelength measurements, temperature classification, and Zeeman effects. Spectrum lines were observed in orders as high as the eighth, although we generally confined our measurements to the third and fourth, in order to avoid overlapping orders. At these lower orders, overlapping could be prevented through the use of filters. The plate factor is about 0.45 Å/mm at 4000 Å in the fourth order.
2.3. Exposures
Three different magnets were used for the Zeeman spectrograms. Most of them were taken at Argonne, by using an electromagnet with iron pole-pieces, producing a field of 24,000 G. The discharge tube was excited in the cavity placed between the poles, perpendicular to the field.
The electromagnet used at the Radiation Laboratory produced a field of 29,000 G. A second magnet used there was a superconducting solenoid [11] operated at a field of 41,000 G. In this case, the source was operated in the cavity, but alined parallel to the magnetic field. A more stable operation of the discharge resulted with this orientation. A small mirror placed inside the solenoid permitted observation of the light emitted in a direction perpendicular to the field.
2.4. Exposures
The exposures made at Argonne were taken on 5 × 45 cm plates, with nine separate tracks on each plate. Thorium standard lines were placed on the top and bottom, with seven promethium exposures in-between. Each Pm exposure was taken at a different lamp temperature to help separate the spectra [12]. The intensities differed by as much as a factor of 80 from the weakest to the strongest exposures. These plates proved to be very valuable for spectrum separation, but the presence of small unexplained shifts made them less useful for absolute wavelength measurements. Since the wavelengths of most of the classified lines given in this paper are based on these exposures, it is possible that the present wavelengths may eventually have to be revised by a few thousandths of an angstrom. The Zeeman exposures included pi, sigma, and no-field lines. The field was calibrated by means of patterns belonging to several lines of Ca, Ag, and Cu which appeared on the plates.
The spectrograms taken at Berkeley for wavelength measurements were made on 10 × 25 cm plates, with the thorium and promethium lines overlapping, to eliminate any errors of measurement. A samarium spectrum was also included on these plates to identify impurity lines due to small amounts of Sm formed by the decay of Pm. Overlapping grating orders were separated by use of an external prism predisperser [13], which prevented light from the unwanted orders from entering the spectrograph. Each grating order was photographed separately.
Eastman Kodak spectroscopic plates were used for all exposures, processed in the recommended manner. Types 103a−O, 103a−F, 103−O, 103−F, and I−N were utilized. All but the first two were prefogged by exposures to weak light, prior to loading in the spectrograph.
2.5. Measurements
The plates were measured on two semiautomatic scanning comparators, one at the University of California and one at the National Bureau of Standards. Wavelengths for the thorium standards were taken from the work of Meggers and Stanley [14]. The estimated uncertainty of the wavelength measurements is about ±0.005 Å. At the present time some of our plates from Argonne and most of the plane-grating plates remain to be measured. When these measurements are complete, we expect to provide a full description of the Pm spectrum.
3. Analysis
In the neutral rare earths the ground configurations are generally of the type 4f N6s2 or 4f N−15d6s2. Since the ground configurations in Nd I and Sm I are 4f 46s2 and 4f 66s2, respectively, it was expected that the ground configuration in neutral Pm would be 4f 56s2. The lowest level of 4f 45d6s2 was not expected to be less than 10,000 cm−1 above the lowest level of 4f 56s2. The levels of 4f 5d6s were expected to start at about 8500 cm−1 above the lowest level of 4f 56s2. Prior to out beginning the Pm I analysis, Conway and Wybourne [15] had published theoretical predictions for the relative energies and g-values of the low levels of 4f 56s2 by using hydrogenic ratios for the Slater parameters and interpolating values of ζ/F2. These predictions proved to be very useful to us in carrying out the analysis. Their results for Pm I are summarized in table 1.
Table 1. Theoretical predictions for the low-lying levels of the 4f 56s2 configuration of Pm i.a.
| Level | Calculated energy (cm−1) | Interval (cm−1) | Calculated g-value | Percentage composition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0.297 | 96% 6H | ||
| 816 | ||||
| 816 | 0.829 | 97% 6H | ||
| 953 | ||||
| 1769 | 1.071 | 98% 6H | ||
| 1046 | ||||
| 2815 | 1.201 | 99% 6H | ||
| 1109 | ||||
| 3924 | 1.278 | 99% 6H | ||
| 1146 | ||||
| 5070 | 1.327 | 95% 6H | ||
| 4915 | −0.649 | 98% 6F | ||
| 182 | ||||
| 5097 | 1.057 | |||
| 381 | ||||
| 5478 | 1.303 | |||
| 675 | ||||
| 6153 | 1.389 | |||
| 924 | ||||
| 7077 | 1.429 | |||
| 1094 | ||||
| 8171 | 1.451 |
J. G. Conway and B. G. Wybourne; Phys. Rev. 130, 2325 (1963).
The first part of the analysis was carried out through the use of the Zeeman data. A large number of self-reversed lines showed resolved patterns involving levels having J = 5/2 and 7/2 and g-values of about 0.30 and 0.83, respectively. It was clear that these lines were transitions to the and levels. Alter a certain amount of trial and error in searching for repeating differences involving these lines, the interval was found to be 803.82 cm−1. About 15 upper even levels were established in this process. The good agreement between this result and the prediction of Conway and Wybourne showed that the predictions would be useful in extending the analysis.
By continuing to use the Zeeman data and by using an electronic computer to search for constant differences between groups of strong lines, two sets of classified lines were built up. One group represented transitions to the group of levels; the other represented transitions to the levels. However the connection between these two groups was not known. After a considerable amount of searching for this connection, a few weak, resolved Zeeman patterns were found in the ultraviolet which proved to be transitions from upper levels known from combinations with 6F° levels down to the low 6H° levels. This established the energies of the 6F° levels relative to the ground state. The , , and levels were later established, thus bringing our knowledge of the low levels to its present state. According to a recent diagonalization by Conway [16] this group represents all levels of 4f 56s2 expected below 14000 cm−1.
The results are given in tables 2, 3, and 4. Table 2 gives the energies and g-values of the odd levels. Table 3 gives the energies, J-values and g-values for the even levels. The classified lines are given in table 4. The estimated uncertainty in the values of the low levels given in table 2 is ±0.01 cm−1. The estimated uncertainty in the values of the high levels given in table 3 is about ±0.03 cm−1.
Table 2. Low levels of the 4f56s2 configuration of Pm i.
| Level | Energy (cm−1) | Interval (cm−1) | g-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.00 | 0.305 | ||
| 803.82 | |||
| 803.82 | 0.831 | ||
| 944.96 | |||
| 1748.78 | 1.079 | ||
| 1048.32 | |||
| 2797.10 | 1.205 | ||
| 1121.93 | |||
| 3919.03 | 1.307 | ||
| 1170.76 | |||
| 5089.79 | 1.33 | ||
| 5249.48 | −0.68 | ||
| 211.02 | |||
| 5460.50 | 1.051 | ||
| 412.34 | |||
| 5872.84 | 1.293 | ||
| 690.02 | |||
| 6562.86 | 1.385 | ||
| 935.13 | |||
| 7497.99 | 1.440 | ||
| 1111.22 | |||
| 8609.21 | 1.458 |
Table 3. Even levels of Pm I. Levels with asterisk are uncertain.
| Energy (cm−1) | J | g |
|---|---|---|
| 17104.72 | 7/2 | 0.885 |
| 20006.04 | 3/2 | 0.068 |
| 20157.85 | 7/2 | 0.503 |
| 20265.98 | 5/2 | 0.527 |
| 20517.96 | 5/2 | 0.659 |
| 20567.76 | 5/2 | 0.910 |
| 20660.00 | 7/2 | 1.114 |
| 20675.81 | 5/2 | 1.075 |
| 20909.00 | 7/2 | 0.929 |
| 21100.10 | 7/2 | 1.319 |
| 21143.06 | 7/2 | 0.977 |
| 21237.49 | 9/2 | 0.841 |
| 21348.22 | 7/2 | 0.815 |
| 21371.05 | 7/2 | 0.927 |
| 21590.60 | 3/2 | 0.135 |
| 21625.45 | 9/2 | 1.117 |
| 21657.89* | 5/2 | 1.01 |
| 21666.80 | 7/2 | 0.696 |
| 21732.93 | 9/2 | 1.137 |
| 21920.49 | 9/2 | 0.986 |
| 21946.12 | 3/2 | −0.01 |
| 21976.26 | 7/2 | 1.218 |
| 22013.40 | 3/2 | 0.887 |
| 22080.08 | 5/2 | 0.571 |
| 22084.65 | 7/2 | 0.858 |
| 22205.44 | 9/2 | 0.974 |
| 22259.21 | 1/2 | −0.32 |
| 22294.96 | 9/2 | 1.245 |
| 22301.24 | 5/2 | 0.976 |
| 22309.94 | 7/2 | 0.850 |
| 22355.68 | 9/2 | 1.374 |
| 22388.06 | 3/2 | 0.84 |
| 22414.17 | 11/2 | 1.12 |
| 22425.58 | 5/2 | 0.83 |
| 22446.20 | 11/2 | 1.531 |
| 22456.72 | 9/2 | 0.936 |
| 22522.90 | 5/2 | 0.735 |
| 22586.77 | 9/2 | 1.283 |
| 22654.34 | 7/2 | 0.84 |
| 22656.68 | 5/2 | 0.936 |
| 22761.33 | 11/2 | 1.296 |
| 22817.13 | 11/2 | 1.134 |
| 22905.24 | 5/2 | 1.16 |
| 22934.70 | 7/2 | 1.237 |
| 23006.35 | 11/2 | |
| 23033.95 | 11/2 | 1.0 |
| 23178.13 | 7/2 | 1.150 |
| 23188.54 | 5/2 | 1.48 |
| 23198.33 | 11/2 | 1.12 |
| 23276.10 | 9/2 | 0.83 |
| 23278.90 | 7/2 | 1.0 |
| 23334.10 | 5/2 | 0.571 |
| 23337.53 | 7/2 | 1.257 |
| 23345.07 | 11/2 | 1.323 |
| 23435.40 | 9/2 | 1.00 |
| 23443.79 | 5/2 | 0.784 |
| 23480.63 | 9/2 | 1.16 |
| 23501.57 | 11/2 | 1.283 |
| 23538.86 | 5/2 | 0.780 |
| 23550.60 | 11/2 | 1.170 |
| 23571.27 | 9/2 | 1.26 |
| 23584.31 | 7/2 | 1.123 |
| 23629.06 | 13/2 | 1.09 |
| 23712.56 | 7/2 | 1.181 |
| 23732.57 | 1/2 | 3.24 |
| 23740.42 | 13/2 | |
| 23743.96 | 7/2 | 1.111 |
| 23760.57 | 11/2 | |
| 23926.91 | 3/2 | 1.754 |
| 23938.76 | 13/2 | 1.044 |
| 24013.29* | 13/2 | 1.29 |
| 24038.82 | 11/2 | 1.08 |
| 24071.03 | 9/2 | 1.12 |
| 24091.39 | 3/2 | 1.395 |
| 24122.41 | 13/2 | |
| 24180.80 | 13/2 | 1.28 |
| 24204.37 | 7/2 | 0.670 |
| 24234.42 | 9/2 | |
| 24245.66 | 13/2 | 1.14 |
| 24338.33 | 9/2 | 1.17 |
| 24418.44 | 7/2 | 1.124 |
| 24443.15 | 13/2 | 1.17 |
| 24443.57 | 9/2 | 1.037 |
| 24471.10 | 7/2 | 0.83 |
| 24503.45 | 11/2 | 1.22 |
| 24520.23 | 13/2 | 1.34 |
| 24533.27 | 11/2 | 1.183 |
| 24558.56 | 9/2 | 1.39 |
| 24627.53 | 9/2 | 0.961 |
| 24681.68 | 11/21/2 | 0.895 |
| 24705.25 | 15/2 | 1.102 |
| 24754.58 | 9/2 | 0.888 |
| 24770.04 | 13/2 | 1.17 |
| 24789.86 | 9/2 | 1.08 |
| 24884.90 | 11/2 | |
| 24912.34 | 11/2 | 1.29 |
| 25104.27 | 11/21/2 | 1.15 |
| 25306.07 | 15/2 | 1.21 |
| 25351.46 | 3/2 | 0.58 |
| 25357.24 | 11/2 | |
| 25402.61 | 11/2 | 1.211 |
| 25405.29 | 13/2 | 1.034 |
| 25448.28 | 9/2 | 1.14 |
| 25474.46 | 15/2 | |
| 25521.55* | 9/2 | 0.910 |
| 25537.36 | 13/2 | 1.39 |
| 25618.77 | 15/2 | 1.13 |
| 25755.17 | 11/2 | 1.016 |
| 25919.50 | 13/2 | 1.26 |
| 26015.94 | 11/2 | |
| 26065.63 | 1/2 | −0.36 |
| 26080.99 | 17/2 | 1.29 |
| 26096.75 | 17/2 | 1.25 |
| 26101.28 | 13/2 | |
| 26103.56 | 11/2 | 1.2 |
| 26181.98 | 13/2 | 1.55 |
| 26211.44 | 7/2 | 0.715 |
| 26237.84 | 9/2 | 1.43 |
| 26282.20 | 13/2 | 0.95 |
| 26285.02 | 7/2 | 0.877 |
| 26300.30 | 1/2 | 0.955 |
| 26456.26 | 13/2 | |
| 26468.80 | 1/2 | −0.45 |
| 26479.61 | 3/2 | 0.731 |
| 26522.35 | 3/2 | 1.135 |
| 26545.85 | 17/2 | 1.14 |
| 26555.44 | 13/2 | 1.07 |
| 26591.40 | 13/2 | 1.10 |
| 26609.39 | 5/2 | 0.56 |
| 26630.56 | 5/2 | 0.32 |
| 26694.38 | 11/2 | 1.095 |
| 26695.79 | 5/2 | |
| 26703.97 | 13/2 | 1.30 |
| 26725.52 | 3/2 | 0.65 |
| 26830.74 | 3/2 | 0.794 |
| 26841.36 | 5/2 | 1.38 |
| 26955.22 | 15/2 | |
| 27036.66 | 5/2 | 0.931 |
| 27042.18 | 15/2 | |
| 27109.75 | 15/2 | |
| 27245.99 | 5/2 | 0.761 |
| 27272.46 | 0.8 | |
| 27304.15* | 15/2 | 1.44 |
| 27319.28 | 7/2 | 1.274 |
| 27334.48 | 5/2 | 0.947 |
| 27351.42 | 7/2 | 0.92 |
| 27383.92 | 15/2 | |
| 27468.45 | 3/2 | 0.21 |
| 27476.28 | 7/2 | 1.077 |
| 27512.95 | 5/2 | 0.913 |
| 27596.27 | 13/2 | 1.29 |
| 27621.74 | 7/2 | |
| 27685.89* | 3/2 | 2.049 |
| 27829.89 | 9/2 | 1.024 |
| 27919.29 | 3/2 | 1.31 |
| 27923.37 | 5/2 | 0.869 |
| 27939.87 | 9/2 | 1.025 |
| 28008.09 | 7/2 | |
| 28030.99 | 13/2 | 1.39 |
| 28075.94 | 9/2 | 1.155 |
| 28084.28 | 5/2 | 0.904 |
| 28086.21 | 11/2 | 1.150 |
| 28150.73 | 7/2 | 1.071 |
| 28153.69 | 5/2 | 0.632 |
| 28169.71 | 7/2 | 0.9 |
| 28186.31 | 7/2 | 1.98 |
| 28196.56 | 1/2 | 2.44 |
| 28273.52 | 7/2 | 0.764 |
| 28274.21 | 9/2 | 1.055 |
| 28325.13 | 7/2 | 1.38 |
| 28338.98 | 5/2 | 0.963 |
| 28467.52 | 7/2 | 0.87 |
| 28490.35 | 9/2 | 1.123 |
| 28565.66 | 9/2 | 1.0 |
| 28607.33 | 9/2 | 1.079 |
| 28608.57 | 3/2 | 1.740 |
| 28657.02 | 1/2 | 0.29 |
| 28680.26 | 7/2 | 0.88 |
| 28994.90 | 11/2 | 1.30 |
| 29002.94 | 3/2 | 0.99 |
| 29074.03 | 9/2 | |
| 29129.60 | 9/2 | 1.162 |
| 29161.96 | 9/2 | 1.0 |
| 29242.64 | 11/2 | 1.259 |
| 29585.21 | 11/2 | 1.2 |
| 29595.58 | 9/2 | 1.04 |
| 29648.42* | 9/2 | |
| 29705.77 | 11/2 | |
| 29757.69 | 11/2 | |
| 29784.08 | 9/2 | |
| 29856.72 | 11/2 | 1.10 |
| 29883.87 | 7/2 | 1.199 |
| 29908.90 | 9/2 | |
| 29960.42* | 11/2 | 1.18 |
| 30008.40 | 11/2 | 1.28 |
| 30063.62 | 9/2 | 1.224 |
| 30251.50* | 1.2 | |
| 30281.98 | 13/2 | |
| 30374.95 | 11/2 | 1.226 |
| 30457.44 | 13/2 | 1.226 |
| 30541.28 | 11/2 | |
| 30726.26 | 9/2 | |
| 30785.03 | 9/2 | |
| 31103.24 | 11/2 | |
| 31846.70 | 11/2 | |
| 32022.32 | 9/2 | |
| 32435.06 | 13/2 | |
| 33180.50 | 15/2 | 1.285 |
| 33246.65 | 9/2 |
Table 4. Classified lines of Pm i.
| C – complex | U – perturbed by close line, but unresolved | R2 – widely reversed |
| L – shaded to longer wavelengths | D – double | R3 – moderately reversed |
| S – shaded to shorter wavelengths | B – blend | R4 – slightly reversed |
| W – wide | H – hazy | R5 – barely detectably reversed |
| P – perturbed by close line, but resolved | R1 – very widely reversed | * – classification in doubt |
| λ (A) | I | σ (cm−1) | Classification |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6420.171 | 10 | 15571.61 | * |
| 6355.910 | 100P | 15729.04 | |
| 6348.654 | 8 | 15747.02 | |
| 6335.048 | 100 | 15780.84 | |
| 6313.796 | 15 | 15833.95 | * |
| 6313.663 | 10 | 15834.29 | |
| 6311.586 | 85 | 15839.50 | |
| 6308.577 | 20 | 15847.05 | |
| 6302.377 | 60 | 15862.64 | |
| 6283.239 | 70 | 15910.96 | |
| 6278.104 | 2 | 15923.97 | |
| 6268.138 | 150 | 15949.29 | |
| 6263.942 | 10 | 15959.97 | |
| 6255.078 | 10 | 15982.59 | |
| 6246.909 | 50 | 16003.49 | |
| 6220.118 | 10 | 16072.42 | |
| 6219.809 | 50 | 16073.22 | |
| 6214.768 | 75 | 16086.25 | |
| 6208.146 | 80 | 16103.41 | |
| 6193.898 | 200 | 16140.46 | |
| 6186.089 | 2 | 16160.83 | |
| 6168.403 | 5 | 16207.17 | |
| 6165.603 | 70 | 16214.53 | |
| 6153.685 | 80 | 16245.93 | |
| 6142.459 | 100 | 16275.62 | |
| 6132.934 | 40 | 16300.90 | |
| 6132.125 | 200 | 16303.05 | |
| 6117.382 | 100 | 16342.34 | |
| 6085.359 | 150P | 16428.34 | |
| 6082.102 | 30S | 16437.13 | |
| 6053.356 | 150 | 16515.19 | |
| 6039.646 | 30 | 16552.68 | |
| 6032.252 | 90 | 16572.97 | |
| 6015.361 | 5 | 16619.50 | |
| 6013.146 | 40 | 16625.63 | |
| 5980.648 | 100D | 16715.97 | |
| 5973.373 | 10 | 16736.32 | |
| 5969.214 | 20 | 16747.98 | |
| 5960.957 | 3 | 16771.18 | |
| 5959.738 | 125 | 16774.61 | |
| 5953.095 | 100 | 16793.33 | |
| 5951.191 | 100 | 16798.71 | |
| 5936.504 | 200 | 16840.26 | |
| 5922.221 | 3 | 16880.88 | |
| 5909.318 | 5 | 16917.74 | |
| 5905.899 | 100 | 16927.53 | |
| 5899.630 | 20 | 16945.52 | |
| 5892.838 | 10P | 16965.05 | |
| 5877.354 | 30C | 17009.74 | |
| 5875.337 | 50 | 17021.38 | |
| 5869.549 | 30 | 17032.36 | |
| 5859.865 | 50 | 17060.51 | |
| 5844.718 | 200L | 17104.72 | |
| 5833.183 | 125 | 17138.55 | |
| 5829.407 | 50 | 17149.65 | |
| 5818.750 | 3P | 17181.06 | |
| 5776.992 | 200 | 17305.25 | |
| 5730.809 | 200 | 17444.70 | |
| 5724.260 | 60 | 17464.66 | |
| 5710.075 | 20 | 17508.05 | * |
| 5671.018 | 500 | 17628.62 | |
| 5657.260 | 300 | 17671.50 | |
| 5644.515 | 10 | 17711.40 | |
| 5639.234 | 50 | 17727.98 | |
| 5624.182 | 20 | 17775.43 | |
| 5603.922 | 125L | 17839.69 | |
| 5598.944 | 2 | 17855.55 | |
| 5597.807 | 10H | 17859.18 | |
| 5594.077 | 100 | 17871.09 | |
| 5591.080 | 35C | 17880.67 | * |
| 5583.619 | 15 | 17904.56 | * |
| 5559.525 | 150L | 17982.15 | |
| 5559.188 | 5 | 17983.24 | |
| 5555.354 | 100 | 17995.66 | |
| 5546.769 | 10U | 18023.51 | |
| 5537.379 | 200C | 18054.07 | |
| 5529.938 | 3 | 18078.36 | |
| 5527.883 | 5 | 18085.09 | * |
| 5524.945 | 150 | 18094.70 | |
| 5487.381 | 20 | 18218.57 | |
| 5484.872 | 10U | 18226.90 | * |
| 5471.313 | 150C | 18272.07 | |
| 5430.600 | 25 | 18409.06 | |
| 5421.374 | 10 | 18440.38 | |
| 5413.736 | 100C | 18466.40 | |
| 5408.846 | 100C | 18483.09 | |
| 5405.328 | 2 | 18495.12 | |
| 5392.454 | 10 | 18539.28 | |
| 5390.622 | 20 | 18545.58 | |
| 5365.939 | 50 | 18630.89 | |
| 5352.567 | 25C | 18677.43 | |
| 5334.737 | 200 | 18739.85 | |
| 5305.840 | 75S | 18841.91 | |
| 5305.732 | 50B | 18842.30 | |
| 5303.854 | 7 | 18848.97 | |
| 5290.064 | 15 | 18898.10 | |
| 5286.398 | 2 | 18911.21 | |
| 5252.679 | 25 | 19032.61 | |
| 5230.058 | 10 | 19114.93 | |
| 5227.747 | 20 | 19123.38 | |
| 5218.879 | 100 | 19155.87 | |
| 5217.699 | 30P | 19160.20 | |
| 5185.467 | 100 | 19279.30 | |
| 5171.689 | 10 | 19330.66 | |
| 5166.176 | 10P | 19351.29 | |
| 5165.623 | 150 | 19353.36 | |
| 5165.443 | 100 | 19354.03 | |
| 5150.995 | 150 | 19408.32 | |
| 5146.298 | 500R3 | 19426.03 | |
| 5145.126 | 400R4 | 19430.46 | |
| 5136.752 | 5 | 19462.13 | |
| 5132.836 | 10C | 19476.98 | |
| 5129.749 | 200 | 19488.70 | |
| 5127.342 | 400R3 | 19497.85 | |
| 5111.431 | 40 | 19558.54 | |
| 5105.170 | 50 | 19582.53 | |
| 5100.766 | 400R3 | 19599.44 | |
| 5096.601 | 50 | 19615.45 | |
| 50%. 181 | 200 | 19617.07 | |
| 5094.831 | 400R3 | 19622.27 | |
| 5092.418 | 200 | 19631.56 | |
| 5087.872 | 10C | 19649.10 | |
| 5085.154 | 25 | 19659.61 | |
| 5081.182 | 50 | 19674.98 | |
| 5079.822 | 100 | 19680.24 | |
| 5072.149 | 150 | 19710.02 | |
| 5071.094 | 25 | 19714.12 | |
| 5058.311 | 300R2 | 19763.93 | |
| 5051.739 | 60 | 19789.65 | |
| 5043.672 | 15 | 19821.30 | |
| 5034.813 | 50L | 19856.18 | |
| 5030.805 | 200R3 | 19871.99 | |
| 5029.624 | 50C | 19876.66 | |
| 5026.019 | 30 | 19890.91 | |
| 5019.185 | 100 | 19918.00 | |
| 5007.559 | 15 | 19964.24 | |
| 5002.571 | 10 | 19984.15 | |
| 4997.095 | 500R1 | 20006.04 | |
| 4993.676 | 50 | 20019.74 | |
| 4993.601 | 75 | 20020.04 | |
| 4981.727 | 5L | 20067.76 | |
| 4975.162 | 5 | 20094.24 | * |
| 4973.250 | 25 | 20101.97 | |
| 4972.448 | 150R5 | 20105.21 | |
| 4968.843 | 35S | 20119.79 | |
| 4965.600 | 5 | 20132.94 | |
| 4959.461 | 700R1 | 20157.86 | |
| 4956.053 | 100 | 20171.72 | |
| 4948.286 | 125 | 20203.38 | |
| 4946.851 | 100 | 20209.24 | |
| 4945.127 | 125 | 20216.28 | |
| 4942.390 | 40S | 20227.48 | |
| 4940.101 | 30 | 20236.85 | |
| 4934.027 | 50 | 20261.77 | |
| 4932.994 | 600R1 | 20266.01 | |
| 4929.960 | 3 | 20278.48 | |
| 4925.637 | 10C | 20296.28 | |
| 4918.283 | 400R4 | 20326.62 | |
| 4917.008 | 2C | 20331.90 | |
| 4916.047 | 3C | 20335.87 | |
| 4915.234 | 125 | 20339.23 | |
| 4904.278 | 300R4 | 20384.67 | * |
| 4904.035 | 15S | 20385.68 | |
| 4900.296 | 400R3 | 20401.23 | |
| 4897.663 | 3P | 20412.20 | * |
| 4892.516 | 700R2 | 20433.68 | |
| 4890.549 | 10 | 20441.89 | * |
| 4889.191 | 50C | 20447.57 | |
| 4887.018 | 500R3 | 20456.66 | |
| 4885.070 | 25 | 20464.82 | |
| 4882.946 | 1 | 20473.72 | |
| 4881.674 | 2C | 20479.06 | * |
| 4872.416 | 700R2 | 20517.97 | |
| 4871.845 | 30 | 20520.37 | |
| 4870.957 | 50 | 20524.11 | |
| 4869.801 | 400R4 | 20528.98 | |
| 4866.147 | 100 | 20544.40 | |
| 4865.724 | 500R2 | 20546.19 | |
| 4865.302 | 300R3 | 20547.97 | |
| 4862.183 | 100 | 20561.15 | |
| 4860.745 | 700R1 | 20567.23 | |
| 4860.619 | 400R3 | 20567.77 | |
| 4858.210 | 25 | 20577.97 | |
| 4856.687 | 100 | 20584.42 | |
| 4855.787 | 75 | 20588.23 | |
| 4852.727 | 350R3 | 20601.21 | |
| 4851.808 | 50 | 20605.12 | |
| 4851.379 | 35 | 20606.94 | |
| 4849.663 | 20 | 20614.23 | |
| 4844.012 | 200 | 20638.28 | |
| 4841.379 | 15 | 20649.50 | |
| 4840.626 | 100 | 20652.71 | |
| 4838.919 | 400R4 | 20660.00 | |
| 4537.655 | 800R1 | 20665.40 | |
| 4835.220 | 10S | 20675.80 | |
| 4833.506 | 50 | 20683.14 | |
| 4833.417 | 75 | 20683.52 | |
| 4832.297 | 50 | 20688.31 | |
| 4830.170 | 125C | 20697.42 | |
| 4828.524 | 20 | 20704.47 | |
| 4827.716 | 400R3 | 20707.94 | |
| 4821.054 | 40 | 20736.56 | |
| 4817.116 | 400R4 | 20753.51 | |
| 4816.438 | 75 | 20756.43 | |
| 4816.131 | 7P | 20757.75 | |
| 4815.000 | 50C | 20762.63 | |
| 4812.914 | 100 | 20771.63 | |
| 4812.323 | 100 | 20774.18 | |
| 4811.850 | 50P | 20776.22 | |
| 4809.536 | 700R2 | 20786.22 | |
| 4808.994 | 30 | 20788.56 | |
| 4802.618 | 30C | 20816.16 | |
| 4801.356 | 900R1 | 20821.63 | |
| 4801.051 | 100 | 20822.95 | |
| 4800.083 | 3 | 20827.15 | |
| 4799.491 | 150 | 20829.72 | |
| 4798.977 | 700R1 | 20831.95 | |
| 4797.586 | 100 | 20837.99 | |
| 4797.171 | 15 | 20839.79 | |
| 4794.588 | 250 | 20851.02 | |
| 4794.207 | 50 | 20852.68 | |
| 4791.840 | 35C | 20862.98 | |
| 4782.081 | 150R4 | 20905.55 | |
| 4781.292 | 900R1 | 20909.00 | |
| 4780.285 | 150 | 20913.41 | |
| 4776.699 | 100R5 | 20929.11 | |
| 4773.458 | 700R1 | 20943.32 | * |
| 4771.916 | 150 | 20950.09 | |
| 4770.142 | 150 | 20957.88 | |
| 4768.866 | 25 | 20963.48 | |
| 4767.719 | 60 | 20968.53 | |
| 4766.024 | 5C | 20975.99 | |
| 4763.670 | 2 | 20986.35 | |
| 4762.569 | 700R1 | 20991.20 | |
| 4762.309 | 5C | 20992.35 | |
| 4762.095 | 75U | 20993.29 | |
| 4758.996 | 800R1 | 21006.96 | |
| 4758.694 | 150 | 21008.29 | |
| 4757.968 | 5 | 21011.50 | |
| 4757.732 | 500R2 | 21012.54 | |
| 4756.247 | 90D | 21019.10 | |
| 4751.701 | 20 | 21039.21 | * |
| 4749.076 | 70D | 21050.84 | |
| 4747.268 | 3C | 21058.86 | |
| 4746.595 | 30 | 21061.84 | |
| 4745.282 | 10P | 21067.67 | |
| 4745.128 | 350R2 | 21068.35 | |
| 4739.776 | 200C | 21092.15 | |
| 4738.779 | 2 | 21096.58 | |
| 4737.987 | 500R2 | 21100.11 | |
| 4735.915 | 75C | 21109.34 | |
| 4734.274 | 800R1 | 21116.66 | |
| 4728.678 | 400R3 | 21141.65 | |
| 4728.361 | 700R1 | 21143.06 | |
| 4727.144 | 10 | 21148.50 | |
| 4727.062 | 300 | 21148.87 | |
| 4723.722 | 125 | 21163.83 | |
| 4722.332 | 40D | 21170.06 | |
| 4721.752 | 30B | 21172.66 | |
| 4719.607 | 2 | 21182.28 | |
| 4718.800 | 100 | 21185.90 | |
| 4717.351 | 75 | 21192.41 | |
| 4712.058 | 50 | 21216.21 | * |
| 4711.368 | 125C | 21219.32 | |
| 4708.968 | 150 | 21230.14 | |
| 4706.401 | 100 | 21241.72 | |
| 4705.114 | 100 | 21247.52 | |
| 4702.886 | 10W | 21257.59 | |
| 4701.242 | 1 | 21265.03 | |
| 4700.803 | 100C | 21267.01 | |
| 4699.508 | 200 | 21272.87 | |
| 4699.276 | 150 | 21273.92 | |
| 4698.761 | 150 | 21276.25 | |
| 4697.749 | 30C | 21280.83 | |
| 4696.796 | 500R2 | 21285.16 | |
| 4693.589 | 40L | 21299.70 | |
| 4687.952 | 20 | 21325.31 | |
| 4682.920 | 700R1 | 21348.22 | |
| 4682.266 | 150 | 21351.20 | * |
| 4680.223 | 2 | 21360.52 | |
| 4678.918 | 60 | 21366.48 | |
| 4678.093 | 400R5 | 21370.25 | |
| 4677.916 | 500R2 | 21371.06 | |
| 4677.456 | 200 | 21373.16 | |
| 4675.764 | 5C | 21380.89 | |
| 4675.148 | 35 | 21383.71 | |
| 4674.420 | 500R4 | 21387.04 | |
| 4671.759 | 400 | 21399.22 | |
| 4671.234 | 500R2 | 21401.63 | |
| 4665.188 | 400R2 | 21429.36 | |
| 4663.455 | 600R2 | 21437.33 | |
| 4663.261 | 300R4 | 21438.22 | |
| 4661.729 | 25U | 21445.26 | * |
| 4661.476 | 40C | 21446.43 | |
| 4661.012 | 60 | 21448.56 | |
| 4660.794 | 500R3 | 21449.56 | |
| 4659.745 | 2 | 21454.40 | |
| 4659.383 | 300 | 21456.06 | |
| 4658.169 | 75 | 21461.65 | |
| 4657.301 | 50 | 21465.66 | |
| 4655.046 | 500R5 | 21476.05 | |
| 4654.496 | 400 | 21478.59 | |
| 4653.413 | 400R3 | 21483.59 | |
| 4652.834 | 5 | 21486.26 | |
| 4650.525 | 500 | 21496.93 | |
| 4650.421 | 600R5 | 21497.41 | |
| 4649.508 | 600 | 21501.63 | |
| 4648.537 | 50 | 21506.12 | |
| 4647.028 | 600R3 | 21513.11 | |
| 4645.234 | 40 | 21521.41 | |
| 4643.959 | 200 | 21527.32 | |
| 4643.355 | 700R2 | 21530.13 | |
| 4640.961 | 400R3 | 21541.23 | |
| 4638.672 | 100 | 21551.86 | |
| 4633.473 | 300B | 21576.04 | |
| 4633.452 | 600R3 | 21576.14 | |
| 4632.353 | 10P | 21581.26 | |
| 4630.930 | 200 | 21587.89 | |
| 4630.742 | 15 | 21588.77 | |
| 4630.349 | 125 | 21590.60 | |
| 4629.127 | 150 | 21596.30 | |
| 4627.595 | 400R3 | 21603.45 | |
| 4625.289 | 500R2 | 21614.22 | |
| 4624.409 | 900W | 21618.33 | |
| 4623.675 | 700R1 | 21621.76 | |
| 4623.310 | 500 | 21623.47 | |
| 4621.571 | 500 | 21631.61 | |
| 4619.750 | 500R4 | 21640.13 | |
| 4618.487 | 400R4 | 21646.05 | |
| 4618.398 | 200 | 21646.47 | |
| 4617.023 | 600R1 | 21652.91 | |
| 4615.961 | 50SP | 21657.89 | |
| 4614.670 | 2 | 21663.96 | |
| 4614.059 | 150 | 21666.82 | |
| 4612.787 | 10 | 21672.80 | |
| 4609.846 | 500R3 | 21686.62 | |
| 4607.062 | 150 | 21699.73 | |
| 4605.657 | 600R2 | 21706.35 | |
| 4604.739 | 400C | 21710.67 | |
| 4604.593 | 400 | 21711.36 | |
| 4602.957 | 400R3 | 21719.08 | |
| 4602.105 | 15W | 21723.10 | |
| 4600.250 | 500R3 | 21731.86 | |
| 4599.338 | 35 | 21736.17 | |
| 4597.546 | 800R5 | 21744.64 | |
| 4596.646 | 400C | 21748.90 | |
| 4595.822 | 400R4 | 21752.80 | |
| 4593.991 | 50 | 21761.47 | |
| 4593.817 | 200 | 21762.29 | |
| 4593.086 | 75 | 21765.76 | |
| 4589.456 | 125 | 21782.97 | |
| 4588.921 | 35 | 21785.51 | |
| 4585.487 | 300R3 | 21801.82 | |
| 4583.131 | 125 | 21813.03 | * |
| 4581.145 | 300 | 21822.49 | |
| 4579.478 | 300R3 | 21830.43 | |
| 4578.411 | 200R5 | 21835.52 | |
| 4578.285 | 300 | 21836.12 | |
| 4575.752 | 200 | 21848.21 | |
| 4575.267 | 400R1 | 21850.52 | |
| 4574.781 | 60 | 21852.85 | |
| 4572.148 | 300R5 | 21865.43 | |
| 4570.367 | 200P | 21873.95 | |
| 4568.145 | 300R4 | 21884.59 | |
| 4563.960 | 50 | 21904.66 | |
| 4559.206 | 300R5 | 21927.50 | |
| 4558.253 | 50 | 21932.08 | |
| 4555.338 | 500R1 | 21946.12 | |
| 4554.034 | 300R3 | 21952.40 | |
| 4552.979 | 3 | 21957.48 | |
| 4551.672 | 60 | 21963.79 | |
| 4549.775 | 400R2 | 21972.95 | |
| 4549.088 | 175D | 21976.27 | |
| 4545.173 | 200 | 21995.20 | |
| 4544.083 | 500R2 | 22000.47 | |
| 4543.598 | 20C | 22002.82 | |
| 4542.539 | 75 | 22007.95 | |
| 4541.746 | 450R4 | 22011.79 | |
| 4541.415 | 300R5 | 22013.40 | |
| 4540.062 | 300H | 22019.96 | |
| 4535.008 | 45D | 22044.50 | |
| 4534.608 | 100 | 22046.44 | |
| 4533.759 | 25U | 22050.57 | |
| 4533.378 | 50 | 22052.42 | |
| 4527.700 | 400R1 | 22080.08 | |
| 4526.762 | 250R5 | 22084.65 | |
| 4520.231 | 2 | 22087.24 | |
| 4526.116 | 250R4 | 22087.80 | |
| 4524.250 | 65 | 22096.91 | |
| 4524.115 | 50 | 22097.57 | |
| 4523.323 | 200 | 22101.44 | |
| 4520.502 | 100 | 22115.24 | |
| 4520.128 | 40 | 22117.06 | |
| 4520.052 | 5 | 22117.44 | |
| 4517.306 | 200 | 22130.88 | |
| 4516.418 | 20CP | 22135.23 | * |
| 4513.313 | 25 | 22150.46 | * |
| 4508.148 | 1 | 22175.84 | |
| 4506.843 | 250 | 22182.26 | |
| 4506.379 | 60 | 22184.54 | |
| 4501.666 | 20C | 22207.77 | |
| 4500.925 | 40 | 22211.42 | |
| 4500.330 | 350R2 | 22214.36 | * |
| 4499.398 | 150 | 22218.96 | |
| 4498.090 | 3 | 22225.42 | * |
| 4490.504 | 300R4 | 22262.97 | |
| 4487.493 | 20 | 22277.91 | |
| 4485.842 | 25 | 22286.11 | |
| 4485.052 | 300R3 | 22290.03 | |
| 4482.792 | 75U | 22301.27 | |
| 4481.603 | 300R1 | 22307.19 | |
| 4481.047 | 15 | 22309.95 | |
| 4478.577 | 350R1 | 22322.26 | |
| 4471.271 | 15D | 22358.73 | |
| 4470.382 | 25P | 22363.18 | |
| 4468.155 | 250R2 | 22374.32 | |
| 4466.077 | 8C | 22384.73 | |
| 4465.838 | 125P | 22385.93 | |
| 4465.408 | 100C | 22388.09 | |
| 4462.895 | 20S | 22400.69 | |
| 4460.859 | 10 | 22410.92 | |
| 4457.945 | 30 | 22425.57 | |
| 4452.638 | 25 | 22452.30 | |
| 4451.985 | 100 | 22455.59 | |
| 4451.350 | 5 | 22458.79 | |
| 4450.628 | 10 | 22462.43 | * |
| 4450.544 | 50 | 22462.86 | |
| 4448.677 | 30 | 22472.28 | |
| 4448.126 | 75 | 22475.07 | |
| 4446.038 | 35 | 22485.62 | |
| 4444.376 | 75 | 22494.03 | |
| 4441.911 | 15 | 22506.51 | |
| 4441.136 | 3L | 22510.44 | |
| 4440.995 | 3L | 22511.16 | |
| 4438.682 | 300R2 | 22522.89 | |
| 4437.224 | 125 | 22530.29 | |
| 4436.546 | 300R3 | 22533.73 | |
| 4435.859 | 250R4 | 22537.22 | |
| 4431.354 | 100 | 22560.13 | |
| 4430.275 | 100 | 22565.63 | |
| 4430.054 | 10 | 22566.75 | |
| 4425.584 | 35 | 22589.54 | |
| 4424.577 | 25 | 22594.69 | |
| 4422.459 | 10 | 22605.51 | |
| 4421.935 | 75 | 22608.19 | |
| 4418.871 | 50 | 22623.86 | * |
| 4417.361 | 5H | 22631.60 | |
| 4416.422 | 150 | 22636.40 | |
| 4415.724 | 150 | 22639.99 | |
| 4413.540 | 125 | 22651.19 | |
| 4412.924 | 75 | 22654.35 | |
| 4412.470 | 500R2 | 22656.68 | |
| 4409.938 | 125S | 22669.69 | |
| 4409.416 | 400R4 | 22672.37 | |
| 4408.552 | 35 | 22676.82 | |
| 4405.370 | 10 | 22693.20 | |
| 4405.063 | 60 | 22694.78 | |
| 4399.722 | 50 | 22722.33 | |
| 4399.305 | 75 | 22724.48 | |
| 4397.262 | 150 | 22735.04 | |
| 4397.124 | 150 | 22735.75 | |
| 4397.066 | 70D | 22736.05 | |
| 4396.252 | 50U | 22740.26 | |
| 4393.466 | 2W | 22754.68 | |
| 4391.001 | 75 | 22767.45 | |
| 4389.473 | 75 | 22775.38 | |
| 4388.489 | 400R3 | 22780.49 | |
| 4387.718 | 35 | 22784.49 | |
| 4387.630 | 100 | 22784.94 | |
| 4383.305 | 100 | 22807.43 | |
| 4382.852 | 50 | 22809.78 | |
| 4369.700 | 25U | 22878.44 | * |
| 4369.640 | 300R2 | 22878.75 | |
| 4364.583 | 100 | 22905.26 | |
| 4363.917 | 350R2 | 22908.76 | |
| 4359.322 | 80 | 22932.90 | |
| 4358.975 | 5 | 22934.73 | |
| 4357 943 | 100S | 22940.16 | |
| 4357.745 | 75 | 22941.20 | |
| 4356.625 | 125D | 22947.10 | |
| 4354.545 | 100B | 22958.06 | |
| 4347.715 | 200 | 22994.12 | |
| 4345.510 | 50 | 23005.79 | |
| 4339.778 | 80 | 23036.18 | |
| 4338.856 | 60 | 23041.07 | |
| 4323.458 | 75 | 23123.13 | |
| 4322.156 | 150 | 23130.09 | |
| 4321.030 | 20 | 23136.12 | |
| 4318.797 | 400 | 23148.09 | |
| 4315.905 | 1W | 23163.60 | |
| 4313.197 | 50 | 23178.14 | |
| 4311.255 | 40P | 23188.58 | |
| 4310.858 | 2 | 23190.72 | |
| 4309.779 | 15 | 23196.52 | |
| 4305.638 | 200R5 | 23218.83 | |
| 4305.192 | 35 | 23221.24 | |
| 4303.889 | 200C | 23228.27 | |
| 4298.848 | 40 | 23255.50 | |
| 4296.687 | 50 | 23267.20 | |
| 4294.529 | 20 | 23278.89 | |
| 4293.026 | 10 | 23287.04 | |
| 4289.872 | 4P | 23304.16 | |
| 4289.448 | 100 | 23306.46 | |
| 4286.776 | 125 | 23320.99 | |
| 4284.368 | 300R5 | 23334.10 | |
| 4283.751 | 40P | 23337.46 | |
| 4280.448 | 75 | 23355.47 | |
| 4279.787 | 50U | 23359.07 | |
| 4275.061 | 3 | 23384.90 | |
| 4272.179 | 100C | 23400.67 | |
| 4270.924 | 50C | 23407.55 | |
| 4269.908 | 10 | 23413.12 | |
| 4264.321 | 300R3 | 23443.79 | |
| 4247.098 | 150R3 | 23538.86 | |
| 4246.451 | 8 | 23542.45 | |
| 4238.912 | 60 | 23584.32 | |
| 4235.147 | 15S | 23605.28 | |
| 4233.467 | 50 | 23614.65 | |
| 4226.453 | 5 | 23653.84 | |
| 4225.504 | 60 | 23659.15 | |
| 4224.049 | 75R4 | 23667.30 | |
| 4222.272 | 200 | 23677.26 | |
| 4218.308 | 50R4 | 23699.51 | |
| 4215.984 | 60 | 23712.58 | |
| 4210.411 | 15 | 23743.96 | |
| 4208.727 | 35 | 23753.46 | |
| 4207.865 | 3 | 23758.33 | |
| 4205.303 | 125 | 23772.80 | |
| 4201.505 | 15P | 23794.29 | |
| 4196.315 | 85 | 23823.72 | |
| 4183.396 | 150 | 23897.29 | |
| 4181.722 | 5 | 23906.85 | |
| 4174.056 | 50 | 23950.76 | |
| 4167.915 | 50 | 23986.05 | |
| 4164.379 | 10 | 24006.42 | |
| 4163.572 | 5 | 24011.07 | |
| 4149.687 | 20CP | 24091.41 | |
| 4146.151 | 150R5 | 24111.96 | |
| 4137.064 | 2 | 24164.91 | |
| 4136.673 | 15 | 24167.20 | |
| 4130.322 | 2 | 24204.36 | |
| 4119.631 | 10 | 24267.17 | |
| 4104.818 | 5P | 24354.74 | |
| 4102.807 | 2 | 24366.68 | |
| 4094.117 | 75 | 24418.40 | |
| 4085.306 | 200R5 | 24471.07 | |
| 4076.425 | 2 | 24524.37 | |
| 4074.455 | 100 | 24536.23 | |
| 4057.716 | 5 | 24637.45 | |
| 4056.565 | 200R3 | 24644.44 | |
| 4044.537 | 125 | 24717.72 | |
| 4031.260 | 100 | 24799.13 | |
| 4007.594 | 150 | 24945.57 | |
| 3986.768 | 200 | 25075.88 | |
| 3976.162 | 100 | 25142.77 | |
| 3968.364 | 100 | 25192.17 | |
| 3961.816 | 300 | 25233.81 | |
| 3954.759 | 300R5 | 25278.84 | |
| 3953.158 | 50 | 25289.08 | |
| 3947.771 | 300R5 | 25323.59 | |
| 3943.420 | 25 | 25351.52 | * |
| 3940.912 | 200 | 25367.66 | |
| 3934.714 | 20 | 25407.61 | |
| 3930.629 | 15 | 25434.02 | |
| 3926.704 | 75 | 25459.44 | |
| 3923.982 | 300 | 25477.10 | |
| 3923.352 | 400 | 25481.20 | |
| 3916.820 | 200 | 25523.69 | |
| 3904.745 | 75 | 25602.62 | |
| 3895.073 | 200 | 25666.19 | |
| 3890.971 | 250 | 25693.25 | |
| 3885.792 | 300R3 | 25727.49 | |
| 3882.598 | 35 | 25748.66 | |
| 3879.598 | 50 | 25768.56 | |
| 3876.863 | 200 | 25786.74 | |
| 3874.034 | 300 | 25805.57 | |
| 3873.336 | 300 | 25810.22 | |
| 3870.862 | 35 | 25826.72 | |
| 3869.073 | 75 | 25838.66 | |
| 3854.297 | 75 | 25937.71 | |
| 3839.519 | 300 | 26037.54 | |
| 3838.951 | 250 W | 26041.39 | * |
| 3833.101 | 500R5 | 26081.14 | |
| 3831.891 | 150 | 26089.37 | |
| 3817.009 | 300 | 26191.09 | |
| 3816.033 | 75 | 26197.79 | |
| 3814.046 | 50 | 26211.44 | |
| 3810.932 | 400 | 26232.85 | |
| 3807.093 | 25 | 26259.30 | |
| 3804.538 | 75 | 26276.94 | |
| 3803.370 | 400 | 26285.01 | |
| 3797.292 | 75 | 26327.08 | * |
| 3796.513 | 300 | 26332.48 | * |
| 3795.800 | 500 | 26337.43 | |
| 3792.125 | 100 | 26362.95 | |
| 3791.842 | 50 | 26364.92 | |
| 3783.806 | 100 | 26420.92 | |
| 3781.429 | 200 | 26437.52 | |
| 3780.768 | 300 | 26442.14 | |
| 3780.284 | 150 | 26445.53 | |
| 3776.986 | 250R4 | 26468.62 | |
| 3775.419 | 300P | 26479.61 | |
| 3770.312 | 100P | 26515.47 | |
| 3769.334 | 75S | 26522.35 | |
| 3768.994 | 200P | 26524.74 | |
| 3768.895 | 150 | 26525.44 | |
| 3767.052 | 40 | 26538.42 | |
| 3765.747 | 300 | 26547.61 | |
| 3761.678 | 200 | 26576.33 | |
| 3757.007 | 75 | 26609.37 | |
| 3755.190 | 50 | 26622.24 | |
| 3754.020 | 5 | 26630.54 | |
| 3748.122 | 150 | 26672.45 | |
| 3746.530 | 25 | 26683.78 | |
| 3744.846 | 35 | 26695.78 | |
| 3742.973 | 300R4 | 26709.14 | |
| 3741.629 | 150 | 26718.73 | |
| 3740.679 | 300 | 26725.51 | |
| 3738.433 | 200 | 26741.58 | |
| 3731.939 | 200 | 26788.10 | |
| 3727.938 | 300 | 26816.86 | |
| 3726.009 | 500 | 26830.74 | |
| 3724.534 | 100 | 26841.36 | |
| 3722.153 | 400 | 26858.53 | |
| 3715.219 | 200 | 26908.66 | |
| 3712.074 | 35 | 26931.46 | |
| 3708.064 | 75 | 26960.58 | |
| 3704.436 | 200 | 26986.99 | |
| 3699.079 | 75 | 27026.06 | |
| 3697.626 | 300R5 | 27036.68 | |
| 3687.381 | 200 | 27111.80 | |
| 3686.328 | 250 | 27119.54 | |
| 3684.088 | 25 | 27136.03 | |
| 3677.558 | 10 | 27184.21 | |
| 3674.848 | 200 | 27204.26 | |
| 3673.896 | 250 | 27211.31 | |
| 3669.218 | 300R5 | 27246.00 | |
| 3666.455 | 15 | 27266.54 | |
| 3665.702 | 20 | 27272.14 | |
| 3664.588 | 25 | 27280.43 | |
| 3658.578 | 75 | 27325.24 | |
| 3655.898 | 100 | 27345.27 | |
| 3655.678 | 50 | 27346.91 | |
| 3655.284 | 50 | 27349.86 | |
| 3655.077 | 20 | 27351.41 | |
| 3653.144 | 300 | 27365.89 | |
| 3646.844 | 300 | 27413.16 | |
| 3641.368 | 100 | 27454.39 | * |
| 3639.503 | 300 | 27468.45 | |
| 3639.338 | 350 | 27469.70 | |
| 3639.249 | 150 | 27470.37 | |
| 3637.328 | 35 | 27484.88 | |
| 3636.136 | 20 | 27493.89 | |
| 3633.617 | 25 | 27512.95 | |
| 3632.512 | 3 | 27521.31 | |
| 3630.678 | 50 | 27535.21 | * |
| 3625.065 | 200 | 27577.85 | |
| 3619.304 | 5 | 27621.74 | |
| 3613.816 | 400R5 | 27663.69 | |
| 3610.835 | 75 | 27686.53 | |
| 3603.332 | 15 | 27744.18 | |
| 3601.038 | 100 | 27761.85 | |
| 3595.645 | 100 | 27803.49 | |
| 3591.392 | 75 | 27836.41 | |
| 3590.049 | 250 | 27846.82 | |
| 3586.236 | 50 | 27876.43 | |
| 3583.252 | 50 | 27899.64 | * |
| 3580.731 | 20 | 27919.29 | |
| 3580.209 | 100 | 27923.36 | |
| 3579.465 | 100 | 27929.16 | |
| 3577.348 | 25 | 27945.69 | |
| 3575.902 | 100 | 27956.99 | |
| 3571.949 | 100 | 27987.93 | |
| 3569.377 | 50 | 28008.10 | |
| 3569.271 | 100 | 28008.92 | |
| 3565.911 | 40 | 28035.32 | |
| 3559.695 | 500R5 | 28084.27 | |
| 3558.878 | 100 | 28090.72 | |
| 3553.264 | 300 | 28135.10 | |
| 3550.916 | 300 | 28153.70 | |
| 3550.109 | 35 | 28160.10 | |
| 3546.808 | 200 | 28186.31 | |
| 3543.627 | 50 | 28211.61 | * |
| 3536.282 | 50 | 28270.21 | |
| 3535.869 | 300 | 28273.51 | |
| 3531.795 | 75 | 28306.12 | |
| 3530.711 | 200 | 28314.82 | |
| 3529.426 | 2 | 28325.12 | |
| 3527.701 | 250 | 28338.97 | * |
| 3525.319 | 75 | 28358.12 | |
| 3511.772 | 20 | 28467.51 | |
| 3505.794 | 100 | 28516.05 | |
| 3494.457 | 5 | 28608.56 | |
| 3492.308 | 15 | 28626.16 | |
| 3485.722 | 50 | 28680.25 | |
| 3472.223 | 10 | 28791.75 | |
| 3472.132 | 25 | 28792.50 | |
| 3465.864 | 35 | 28844.58 | * |
| 3449.970 | 50 | 28977.46 | |
| 3449.639 | 25 | 28980.24 | |
| 3442.984 | 50 | 29036.25 | |
| 3437.803 | 15 | 29080.01 | |
| 3420.721 | 75 | 29225.22 | |
| 3416.680 | 40 | 29259.79 | |
| 3416.484 | 50 | 29261.47 | |
| 3405.661 | 3 | 29354.45 | |
| 3373.083 | 75 | 29637.95 | |
| 3345.32/ | 20 | 29883.85 | |
| 3341.011 | 50 | 29922.46 | |
| 3334.464 | 75 | 29981.21 | |
| 3319.548 | 25 | 30115.92 | |
| 3302.264 | 25 | 30273.53 | |
| 3283.174 | 25 | 30449.56 | |
| 3202.305 | 25 | 31218.48 |
4. Discussion
The total number of self-reversed lines in Pm I is 122. Of these 120 have been classified as transitions to 4f 56s2. This makes it certain that the ground configuration of Pm I is 4f 56s2.
The eigenvectors given by Conway and Wybourne as a result of their diagonalization of 4f5 show the 6H° and 6F° terms to be nearly pure in LS coupling. We therefore would have expected a somewhat regular variation in intensity of the lines making transitions from a single upper level to several lower levels. However, according to our observations this is not the case. Figure 1 gives some of the more striking examples of the irregular intensities. Of special note are the lines from 26725.52(3/2). In this case the transition to is just barely visible on the plates. The complete absence of the line from 28186.31(7/2) to is also very striking. A similar set of puzzling intensities has been observed by Shenstone [17] in the 3d64s − 4p transitions of Co III. Here the anomalous intensities were found in groups of lines connecting terms of different multiplicity. In this connection Shenstone noted “Especially difficult to understand is the not uncommon habit of intersystem combinations of missing the central of three levels of successive J.” Although this phenomenon has not yet been investigated theoretically, it is clear that it stems from the lack of pure LS coupling in the upper configurations. It is likely that a theoretical study of the transition probabilities for the 3d64s − 3d64p array in Co III would shed more light on this problem.
Figure 1. Anomalous intensities in Pm I.
No observed transition = X.
No real effort has been made yet to understand the origin of the known upper levels in Pm I. However we note the following points. There are only two configurations which can make transitions to 4f 56s2 with appreciable intensity, namely 4f 56s6p and 4f 45d6s2. For the 4f 56s6p configuration, the strongest transitions to the 4f 56s2 6H° and 6F° levels will originate from levels of the type 4f 5(6H)6s6p and 4f 5(6F)6s6p. If we consider the levels of the type 4f 5(6H)6s6p(J = 5/2), we would expect them to fall into two groups: six of the type 4f 5(6H)+6s6p(3P) and two of the type 4f 5(6H)+6s6p(1P). This type of coupling (first described by Shenstone [18] in the case of the 3d 94s4p configuration of Cu I) will hold approximately here because the parameter which determines the 1P − 3P splitting, G1(sp), is expected by interpolation from other rare earths to be about 2640 cm−1, whereas ζp and ζf are only about 1000 cm−1. The f-s and f-p interactions are much smaller (see Smith and Wybourne’s treatment of the 4f7(8S)6s6p configuration in Eu I [19]) and for our purpose may be neglected. If one interpolates a value for the 4f 5(6H)6s2− 4f 5(6H)6s6p energy difference and uses the above parameters to estimate the level positions, one finds that the six 3P type levels with J = 5/2 will lie in the region 14000−16000 cm−1 and the two 1P type levels with J = 5/2 will lie at about 20000−21000 cm−1 [20]. Of the 27 observed upper levels with J = 5/2, 22 make strong transitions to the 6H group of lower levels. These 22 levels are distributed as follows: 14 between 20250 and 23550 cm−1, 8 between 26600 and 28350 cm−1. Thus of the observed levels with J = 5/2, only 2 would be expected to belong to 4f 5(6H)6s6p. It should also be noted that none of the lines classified so far in Pm I shows the appreciable hyperfine structure which would be expected if one of the configurations contained a single 6s electron. Judd [21] has shown that it is possible for lines from certain levels of 4f N6s6p configurations to 4f N6s2 to show no hyperfine structure. However, there are too many levels here whose transitions show no hfs to believe that the theory is applicable here. The absence of hfs in these lines more likely is evidence of a closed 65 shell in both upper and lower configurations. In this case the hyperfine structures due to the 4f electron in the upper and lower levels have the same sign and about the same magnitude, so that the observed line shows no resolved structure. For these reasons we believe that most of the known upper levels belong to the 4f 45d6s2 configuration.
Comparison of the observed positions of the 4f 56s2 6H° and 6F° levels with the calculations of Conway and Wybourne shows that their predictions for the intervals within each term are very good, generally within ±30 cm−1 of the observed levels. However, the predicted positions of the 6F° levels are too low by nearly 7 percent in every case. This discrepancy results from the fact that the calculated intervals within the individual terms are very sensitive to the value of the spin-orbit parameter, but rather insensitive to the electrostatic parameters. On the other hand the separation between the barycenters of terms is governed primarily by the electrostatic parameters. At the time of Conway and Wybourne’s work there was no neutral rare earth with more than one known term of 4fN6s2. Therefore, information about the electrostatic parameters could be inferred from the known levels only through second order effects. Thus, a difference of only 7 percent between the predicted and observed 6H° − 6F° separation in Pm I can be considered to be fairly good agreement.
It is not possible to obtain reliable values for the electrostatic parameters E1, E2, and E3 from the known levels, because only one term separation is available. However, we note that since the 6H° and 6F° terms are nearly pure in LS coupling, to a first approximation the energy difference between the 6H° and 6F° barycenters ΔE(6F, HH) will be equal to 9E3 [22]. If we include the Trees αL (L + 1) correction [23], to a very good first approximation we then have:
If we use the known positions of the 6F° and 6H° levels to determine ΔE (6F, 6H), we find ΔE (6F, 6H) = 4167.92 cm−1. If we set α = 30 cm−1 as indicated by the theoretical interpretation of the spectra of Ce III [24] and Pr III [25] we find E3 ~ 520 cm−1.
A preliminary value of ζ4f can be obtained by considering the total widths of the 6H° and 6F° terms. To a first approximation the sum of these two widths is 91 ζ4f, which gives ζ4f ~ 930 cm−1.
Crosswhite [26] has made a least squares fit of the 6F° and 6H° levels to the theoretical energy formulas by using hydrogenic ratios for the electrostatic parameters and a fixed value of 20 cm−1 for α. The parameters E3 and ζ4f were allowed to vary. A diagonalization with E3 = 510 cm−1 and ζ4f = 914 cm−1 gave a mean error of 25 cm−1. This could be reduced to about 8 cm−1 if slightly different values of ζ4f were used for the two terms: 912 cm−1 for 6H and 938 cm−1 for 6F. Cross-white notes that this is probably caused by a spin-other-orbit interaction. The J-dependence of this interaction is the same as that of the spin-orbit interaction. However, the spin-other-orbit interaction constant varies from term to term. Thus, this interaction will cause the spin-orbit constants derived from different terms of a configuration to appear to be slightly different. This effect was first treated for lN configurations by Horie [27]; the principal aspects of the theory have been summarized by Wybourne [28]. Since spin-other-orbit effects cannot be observed by studying only one term of a configuration, the present results for Pm I provide a first opportunity to view their magnitude for the neutral rare earths.
The residual errors in the above calculation have a form very close to that expected from neglect of a spin-spin interaction. If an estimate of the spin-spin interaction energy is made by using Judd’s [29] matrix elements and interpolated values of the radial integrals from the calculations of Blume, Freeman, and Watson [30], the mean error can be further reduced to about 2 cm−1. When this is done the values of ζ4f are changed to 910 cm−1 for 6H° and 940 cm−1 for 6F° [26].
In view of the uncertainties in the ratios of the electrostatic parameters, the value to be used for α, and the Hamiltonian needed to describe the levels, we give the values of E3 and ζ4f for the 4f 56s2 configuration of Pm I as:
That this value of ζ4f fits in well with other values of ζ4f in the rare earths is shown by the plot in figure 2.
Figure 2. Values of £4f in the rare earths.
The solid circles represent values derived from 4fN6s2 configurations of neutral atoms; the open circles are derived from 4fN configurations of doubly ionized atoms. References: N= 1, La I, H. N. Russell and W. F. Meggers, J. Res. NBS 9, 625 (1932); N= 1, La III, J. Sugar and V. Kaufman, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 55, 1283 (1965); N = 2, Ce III, N. Spector, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 55, 492 (1965); N = 3, Pr III, R. Trees, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 54, 651 (1964); N = 4, Nd I, J. G. Conway and B. G. Wybourne, Phys. Rev. 130, 2325 (1963); N=5, Pm I, this paper; N=6, Sm I, J. G. Conway and B. G. Wybourne, Phys. Rev. 130, 2325 (1963); N= 12, Erl, J. Reader, unpublished calculations based on data of L. C. Marquet and S. P. Davis, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 55, 471 (1965). This value of ζ4f of 2237 cm−1 is nearly identical to the 2236 cm−1 value of ζ4f derived from the 4f126s configuration of Er II by Z. Goldschmidt, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 53, 594 (1963); N = 13, Tm I, W. F. Meggers, Rev. Mod. Phys. 14, 96 (1942). For simplicity, several values of ζ which have been published for 4fN6s configurations of singly ionized rare earths have not been included.
Acknowledgments
We acknowledge the very generous assistance of John Conway and Earl Worden of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in preparing the electrodeless lamps and in other phases of our experiment. We also thank Mark Fred and Frank Tomkins of the Argonne National Laboratory for their help in photographing the first set of wavelength and Zeeman effect plates, and Henry Crosswhite of the Johns Hopkins University for his suggestions concerning the calculation of the parameters. Our success in making the recent plane-grating spectrograms is due in large measure to the efforts of Richard J. Wolff. Some of the Zeeman plates were measured and reduced at the Argonne National Laboratory by Thomas Dickinson. The Zeeman plates taken at M.I.T. by L. Johnson were made available to us by Lee C. Bradley, III.
Part of this work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation and an optical research equipment grant from the Advanced Research Projects Agency to one of the authors (SPD).
Footnotes
University of California, Berkeley 94720.
Figures in brackets indicate literature references at the end of this paper.
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