Table 1.
Demographic and clinical variables
| PAA baseline | AOS+PAA baseline | PAA follow-up | AOS+PAA follow-up | P-values (FDR P-values) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline to baseline | Follow-up to follow-up | PAA follow-up to AOS+PAA baseline | |||||
| Demographic features | |||||||
| Age at exam, years | 68.85 (64.80, 74.18) | 72.21 (68.08, 75.92) | 70.17 (63.43, 78.03) | 73.36 (67.30, 77.49) | 0.369 (0.718) | 0.728 (0.89) | 0.72 (0.845) |
| Gender, % female | 64 | 59 | 71 | 61 | 0.684 (0.97) | 0.876 (0.938) | 0.89 (0.95) |
| Disease duration, years | 2.00 (1.38, 2.00) | 4.00 (2.62, 5.00) | 2.98 (2.81, 3.10) | 5.13 (4.02, 6.42) | 0.002 (0.02) | 0.002 (0.025) | 0.188 (0.3) |
| Global PiB SUVR | 1.31 (1.27, 1.39) | 1.35 (1.27, 1.76) | 1.28 (1.24, 1.31) | 1.29 (1.29, 1.29) | 0.397 (0.728) | 1.00 (1.00) | 0.203 (0.319) |
| Speech/language testing | |||||||
| WAB-AQ | 87.35 (78.32, 90.98) | 85.00 (81.30, 94.00) | 69.30 (57.92, 81.15) | 81.65 (76.75, 86.25) | 0.955 (0.97) | 0.135 (0.393) | 0.016 (0.059) |
| WAB-fluency | 6.00 (5.75, 9.00) | 6.00 (5.00, 9.00) | 4.00 (3.50, 5.00) | 5.00 (4.00, 6.00) | 0.862 (0.97) | 0.265 (0.515) | 0.007 (0.047) |
| WAB-repetition | 9.40 (8.90, 9.45) | 8.80 (7.80, 9.40) | 8.50 (6.75, 9.40) | 8.70 (7.33, 9.45) | 0.17 (0.495) | 0.908 (0.938) | 1 (1) |
| WAB-spontaneous speech | 16.00 (13.50, 17.50) | 15.00 (14.00, 19.00) | 12.00 (9.50, 13.25) | 13.00 (13.00, 15.00) | 0.804 (0.97) | 0.143 (0.393) | 0.006 (0.045) |
| WAB-information content | 9.50 (8.00, 10.00) | 9.50 (8.00, 10.00) | 8.00 (6.00, 8.50) | 9.00 (8.00, 10.00) | 0.784 (0.97) | 0.235 (0.484) | 0.032 (0.078) |
| Aphasia severity | 1.50 (1.00, 2.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.62) | 3.00 (2.00, 3.00) | 2.00 (1.38, 2.25) | 0.382 (0.718) | 0.1 (0.331) | 0.003 (0.035) |
| TT | 15.00 (8.25, 17.75) | 18.00 (10.75, 20.00) | 8.00 (4.00, 13.50) | 16.00 (15.00, 19.00) | 0.382 (0.718) | 0.019 (0.089) | 0.041 (0.094) |
| BNT | 12.00 (9.50, 14.00) | 12.50 (10.75, 13.25) | 8.00 (7.50, 9.00) | 13.00 (11.00, 13.00) | 0.96 (0.97) | 0.003 (0.025) | 0.017 (0.059) |
| NAT | 4.50 (2.25, 7.50) | 8.00 (6.00, 8.00) | 5.00 (2.75, 5.75) | 6.00 (4.75, 6.50) | 0.124 (0.402) | 0.316 (0.521) | 0.068 (0.139) |
| Dysarthria severity | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 1.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.50 (0.00, 1.25) | 0.023 (0.148) | 0.061 (0.222) | 0.147 (0.247) |
| ASRS | 2.00 (1.00, 4.00) | 27.00 (20.00, 34.50) | 1.00 (1.00, 3.00) | 29.00 (23.00, 35.00) | <0.001 (0.001) | 0.002 (0.025) | 0.001 (0.019) |
| NVOA | 28.50 (24.00, 29.25) | 20.00 (4.00, 28.00) | 19.00 (10.00, 25.75) | 13.50 (0.50, 19.50) | 0.099 (0.4) | 0.231 (0.484) | 0.864 (0.95) |
| Letter fluency | 14.50 (10.50, 22.00) | 16.00 (8.00, 21.00) | 8.00 (6.50, 11.00) | 11.00 (9.00, 16.00) | 0.29 (0.663) | 0.288 (0.521) | 0.124 (0.22) |
| Action fluency | 5.50 (1.75, 11.00) | 8.00 (6.00, 11.00) | 3.50 (2.00, 5.75) | 4.00 (4.00, 7.00) | 0.427 (0.759) | 0.312 (0.521) | 0.02 (0.062) |
| MSD | 10.00 (10.00, 10.00) | 6.00 (4.00, 7.00) | 9.00 (8.75, 10.00) | 4.50 (2.25, 6.00) | <0.001 (<0.001) | <0.001 (0.004) | <0.001 (0.004) |
| Neurological/neuropsychological testing | |||||||
| FBI | 9.00 (7.50, 13.50) | 11.00 (7.00, 16.00) | 16.00 (7.25, 24.75) | 14.00 (10.00, 22.00) | 0.824 (0.97) | 1.00 (1.00) | 0.574 (0.707) |
| MDS-UPDRS III | 8.00 (2.75, 10.25) | 16.50 (10.00, 22.50) | 4.00 (2.00, 6.50) | 49.00 (21.00, 66.00) | 0.003 (0.022) | 0.004 (0.025) | 0.013 (0.050) |
| WAB-praxis | 54.50 (52.75, 57.25) | 54.00 (45.25, 56.75) | 54.00 (52.00, 54.50) | 37.00 (33.00, 50.00) | 0.247 (0.62) | 0.038 (0.159) | 0.959 (0.990) |
| CDR | 1.00 (0.25, 1.75) | 0.00 (0.00, 2.00) | 1.50 (1.00, 2.00) | 1.50 (0.75, 6.75) | 0.462 (0.778) | 0.909 (0.938) | 0.122 (0.220) |
| MoCA | 23.00 (20.75, 24.25) | 22.50 (21.00, 25.75) | 18.00 (8.50, 20.00) | 18.00 (15.00, 24.00) | 0.856 (0.97) | 0.55 (0.756) | 0.021 (0.062) |
| FAB | 13.50 (12.75, 16.00) | 14.00 (12.00, 16.00) | 11.00 (7.50, 12.00) | 12.00 (7.25, 14.75) | 0.97 (0.97) | 0.681 (0.864) | 0.028 (0.074) |
| NPI-Q | 3.00 (1.75, 5.00) | 1.50 (0.00, 3.75) | 4.00 (2.00, 6.75) | 3.00 (1.00, 4.00) | 0.126 (0.402) | 0.199 (0.484) | 0.069 (0.139) |
| Trail Making Test A MOANS | 9.50 (6.75, 10.75) | 6.00 (3.00, 8.00) | 6.50 (5.75, 7.75) | 7.00 (3.00, 7.75) | 0.293 (0.498) | 0.414 (0.581) | 0.616 (0.747) |
| Trail Making Test B MOANS | 8.50 (6.25, 7.75) | 6.00 (4.50, 8.00) | 3.00 (3.00, 3.00) | 3.00 (2.00, 6.50) | 0.415 (0.581) | 0.412 (0.581) | 0.101 (0.220) |
| AVLT delayed recall | 3.00 (0.50, 5.50) | 7.00 (5.00, 8.00) | 3.00 (2.00, 3.00) | 8.50 (4.00, 10.00) | 0.1 (0.4) | 0.007 (0.039) | 0.01 (0.052) |
| VOSP letters | 20.00 (19.00, 20.00) | 19.00 (18.00, 20.00) | 20.00 (19.00, 20.00) | 20.00 (19.00, 20.00) | 0.252 (0.62) | 0.844 (0.938) | 0.488 (0.624) |
| VOSP cubes | 9.00 (7.00, 10.00) | 9.00 (7.00, 10.00) | 8.00 (8.00, 9.00) | 9.00 (7.50, 9.00) | 0.674 (0.97) | 0.61 (0.805) | 0.739 (0.845) |
| DKEFS Sorting scaled score | 7.00 (7.00, 8.50) | 7.00 (6.00, 10.50) | 6.00 (5.50, 6.75) | 8.00 (7.00, 9.00) | 0.937 (0.97) | 0.435 (0.653) | 0.418 (0.582) |
All bold values were significant after FDR correction for multiple comparisons. Values are shown as median (q1, q3). Missing data: data were available for >70% of patients at baseline visits for all tests, except Trail Making Test B, NAT, DKEFS and AVLT; data were available for >70% of patients at follow-up for all tests, except Trail Making Test A and B, DKEFS, AVLT, VOSP cubes and action and letter fluency.
ASRS = Apraxia of Speech Rating Scale; AVLT = Auditory Verbal Learning Test; BNT = Boston Naming Test; CDR = Clinical Dementia Rating; DKEFS = Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System.; FAB = Frontal Assessment Battery; FBI = Frontal Behavioral Inventory; MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MSD = Motor speech disorder rating; NAT = Northwestern Anagram Test; NPI-Q = Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire; NVOA = Non-Verbal Oral Apraxia rating; PiB SUVR = Pittsburgh Compound B standard uptake value ratio; TT = Token Test; VOSP = Visual Object and Space Perception.