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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Science. 2017 Aug 4;357(6350):457–458. doi: 10.1126/science.aam8204

Fig. 1. Analytical process for benefits analysis involving risk assessment and valuation.

Fig. 1.

Economic valuation draws upon outputs from key steps in risk assessment which are used to determine 1) which health effects are included in benefits analysis; and 2) the changes in risks of health effects associated with different levels of exposure. The first stage in the figure is characterized as “changes in emissions,” but applies to any changes in concentrations of environmental contaminants that leads to changes in human exposures (e.g. reduced use of a chemical in consumer products).