Table 2.
Associations of each biomarker (considered separately) with achieved eGFR from linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, duration of diabetes, study day eGFR and length of follow-up
| Biomarker | SDRNT1BIO | FinnDiane | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β coefficient (95% CI) | p value | β coefficient (95% CI) | p value | |
| Luminex proteins | ||||
| CD27 antigen | −0.31 (−0.36, −0.26) | 7 × 10−30 | −0.43 (−0.55, −0.32) | 1 × 10−13 |
| KIM-1 | −0.26 (−0.31, −0.21) | 2 × 10−24 | −0.34 (−0.44, −0.25) | 2 × 10−11 |
| β2-microglobulin | −0.28 (−0.34, −0.23) | 4 × 10−22 | −0.33 (−0.44, −0.21) | 9 × 10−08 |
| α1-microglobulin | −0.28 (−0.33, −0.23) | 2 × 10−25 | −0.31 (−0.41, −0.20) | 1 × 10−08 |
| Cystatin-C | −0.30 (−0.36, −0.24) | 1 × 10−21 | −0.24 (−0.36, −0.13) | 6 × 10−05 |
| Thrombomodulin | −0.28 (−0.34, −0.23) | 3 × 10−24 | −0.30 (−0.41, −0.20) | 3 × 10−08 |
| TNFR1 | −0.24 (−0.29, −0.19) | 5 × 10−19 | −0.29 (−0.39, −0.18) | 2 × 10−07 |
| Osteopontin | −0.17 (−0.23, −0.12) | 3 × 10−11 | −0.24 (−0.34, −0.14) | 8 × 10−06 |
| IL-2 receptor α | −0.22 (−0.27, −0.17) | 4 × 10−17 | −0.18 (−0.28, −0.08) | 3 × 10−04 |
| Osteoprotegerin | −0.14 (−0.20, −0.09) | 8 × 10−07 | −0.22 (−0.32, −0.12) | 3 × 10−05 |
| Fibroblast growth factor 21 | −0.15 (−0.20, −0.11) | 9 × 10−10 | −0.19 (−0.29, −0.09) | 1 × 10−04 |
| IGF-binding protein 7 | −0.12 (−0.17, −0.07) | 8 × 10−06 | −0.18 (−0.28, −0.08) | 5 × 10−04 |
| N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide | −0.18 (−0.23, −0.12) | 3 × 10−10 | −0.02 (−0.12, 0.08) | 7 × 10−01 |
| Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 | −0.13 (−0.18, −0.08) | 4 × 10−07 | −0.18 (−0.27, −0.09) | 2 × 10−04 |
| Tamm–Horsfall urinary glycoprotein | 0.15 (0.09, 0.20) | 8 × 10−08 | 0.17 (0.08, 0.27) | 6 × 10−04 |
| Trefoil factor 3 | −0.15 (−0.20, −0.09) | 1 × 10−07 | Not tested | |
| LC-MS/MS metabolites | ||||
| Free sialic acid | −0.28 (−0.34, −0.23) | 1 × 10−21 | −0.32 (−0.44, −0.20) | 5 × 10−07 |
| SDMA | −0.20 (−0.26, −0.14) | 1 × 10−10 | −0.30 (−0.42, −0.18) | 2 × 10−06 |
| 3-Methyl-histidine | −0.17 (−0.24, −0.11) | 7 × 10−08 | −0.24 (−0.36, −0.13) | 3 × 10−05 |
| Tryptophan/kynurenine | 0.22 (0.17, 0.28) | 4 × 10−15 | 0.16 (0.05, 0.27) | 4 × 10−03 |
| SDMA/ADMA | −0.12 (−0.18, −0.06) | 2 × 10−05 | −0.20 (−0.31, −0.09) | 6 × 10−04 |
| Free cystine | −0.17 (−0.23, −0.11) | 2 × 10−09 | Not tested | |
| TMAO | −0.15 (−0.20, −0.09) | 1 × 10−07 | −0.17 (−0.28, −0.07) | 1 × 10−03 |
| C4DC methylmalonyl/C5OH | −0.15 (−0.21, −0.09) | 1 × 10−06 | −0.16 (−0.27, −0.05) | 4 × 10−03 |
| Tryptophan | 0.16 (0.12, 0.21) | 7 × 10−11 | Not tested | |
| C5DC (glutaryl) carnitine | −0.13 (−0.18, −0.07) | 6 × 10−06 | −0.14 (−0.25, −0.03) | 2× 10−02 |
| Methionine | 0.14 (0.09, 0.19) | 1 × 10−08 | Not tested | |
| C4 carnitine | −0.13 (−0.18, −0.08) | 3 × 10−06 | Not tested | |
| C2 carnitine | −0.12 (−0.17, −0.07) | 8 × 10−06 | Not tested | |
| C3DC malonyl/3OHB | −0.12 (−0.17, −0.07) | 4 × 10−06 | −0.10 (−0.19, −0.01) | 3 × 10−02 |
| Citrulline | −0.11 (−0.16, −0.05) | 7 × 10−05 | −0.10 (−0.20, 0.00) | 5 × 10−02 |
| Threonine | 0.11 (0.06, 0.16) | 2 × 10−05 | 0.06 (−0.03, 0.15) | 2 × 10−01 |
| Hydroxyproline | −0.10 (−0.15, −0.05) | 9 × 10−05 | −0.09 (−0.19, 0.00) | 6 × 10−02 |
| Neopterin | −0.10 (−0.15, −0.05) | 9 × 10−05 | −0.10 (−0.19, −0.00) | 5 × 10−02 |
| LC-MS/MS tryptic peptides | ||||
| Retinal-binding protein 2 (575.8/695.3) | 0.09 (0.03, 0.14) | 1 × 10−03 | 0.20 (0.11, 0.29) | 2 × 10−05 |
| Hyaluronan-binding protein 2 (575.2/901.5) | 0.04 (−0.02, 0.09) | 2 × 10−01 | 0.19 (0.10, 0.28) | 5 × 10−05 |
| Extracellular glycoprotein lacritin (481.3/501.3) | 0.13 (0.08, 0.18) | 1 × 10−07 | 0.16 (0.07, 0.25) | 9 × 10−04 |
| Albumin T70 (501.2/587.5) | 0.14 (0.09, 0.19) | 1 × 10−08 | 0.04 (−0.06, 0.13) | 4 × 10−01 |
| Angiotensin II (349.8/136.1) | 0.14 (0.09, 0.19) | 1 × 10−07 | 0.04 (−0.05, 0.14) | 4 × 10−01 |
| Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1 (575.8/704.4) | 0.10 (0.05, 0.15) | 4 × 10−05 | 0.14 (0.04, 0.23) | 4 × 10−03 |
| Chromogranin A (488.2/775.4) | −0.14 (−0.19, −0.09) | 2 × 10−08 | −0.02 (−0.12, 0.07) | 6 × 10−01 |
| Albumin T6 (575.4/937.4) | 0.13 (0.08, 0.18) | 2 × 10−07 | 0.12 (0.03, 0.22) | 1 × 10−02 |
| ApoC-III (598.8/854.4) | −0.12 (−0.17, −0.07) | 2 × 10−06 | −0.07 (−0.17, 0.03) | 2 × 10−01 |
| Complement C3 (673.4/646.4) | −0.12 (−0.17, −0.07) | 4 × 10−06 | 0.04 (−0.05, 0.13) | 4 × 10−01 |
| Albumin T34 (441.0/680.5) | 0.11 (0.06, 0.16) | 7 × 10−06 | 0.06 (−0.03, 0.16) | 2 × 10−01 |
| Haptoglobin (490.5/562.6) | −0.11 (−0.16, −0.06) | 2 × 10−05 | 0.01 (−0.09, 0.10) | 9 × 10−01 |
| Heparin cofactor II (514.8/814.4) | −0.10 (−0.15, −0.05) | 6 × 10−05 | −0.07 (−0.16, 0.03) | 2 × 10−01 |
| Peroxidase (492.6/703.3) | −0.10 (−0.15, −0.05) | 4 × 10−05 | −0.03 (−0.12, 0.06) | 5 × 10−01 |
Regression coefficients are per unit of SD of Gaussianised biomarker
Biomarkers with p < 10-4 in at least one study are reported, ordered by largest effect size across the two studies
Not tested: the biomarker was not tested for association as it was affected by storage conditions
ADMA, asymmetric dimethylarginine; SDMA, symmetric dimethylarginine; TMAO, trimethylamine-N-oxide