Table 1.
Comparison of active feedback RT-3D-SPT methods. (a) Localization precision measurement for each method. (b) Sample and conditions used for the localization precision measurement in (a). QD: quantum dot; FNP: fluorescent nanoparticle; Rate: emission intensity; D: diffusion coefficient. (c) Reported temporal resolution where available. Int.: Integration time; Piezo/Galvo/ETL: respective response times of feedback mechanisms. (d) Fastest succesful tracking of Brownian motion reported. D: diffusion coefficient. (e) Count rate at highest reported diffusion coefficient. (f) Duration of trajectory at highest reported diffusion coefficient. (g) References.
| Name | (a) Localization Precision X/Y/Z (nm) | (b) Precision Measurement Sample | (c) Temporal Resolution | (d) Fastest Tracked D (μm2/s) | (e) Count Rate (Fastest D, kHz) | (f) Tracking Duration (Fastest D) | (g) References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tetrahedral detection | 70/70/110 | Sample: QD | Int.: 5 ms Piezo: ~1 ms |
3 | ~16 | 0.3 s | [69,70] |
| Rate: 40 kHz | |||||||
| D: 0.37 µm2/s | |||||||
| Multi-detector | 9.8/12.8/13.1 | Sample: FNP | Int.: 10 μs Piezo: ~1 ms |
4.81 | - | >8 s | [76] |
| Rate: - | |||||||
| D: Stationary | |||||||
| Orbital (piezo stage) | 2.4/2.8/2.4 | Sample: FNP | Piezo: 32 ms ETL: 8 ms | 0.04 | - | - | [81,82,83] |
| Rate: 28 kHz | |||||||
| D: Stationary | |||||||
| Orbital (laser modulation) | 352/352/272 | Sample: QD | Piezo: 1 ms | 20 | ~120 | 20 s | [88] |
| Rate: ~120 kHz | |||||||
| D: 20 µm2/s | |||||||
| Orbital (bi-plane detection) | 15/15/20 | Sample: FNP | Galvo: 32 ms | 2 | 50 | ~25 s | [84,90] |
| Rate: 10–40 kHz | |||||||
| D: Stationary | |||||||
| Tetrahedral excitation | 60/60/300 | Sample: FNP | Int. 1.86 ms | 12.2 | 473 | 0.078 s | [91] |
| Rate: ~5 kHz | |||||||
| D: Stationary | |||||||
| TSUNAMI | 16.2/16.7/35.1 | Sample: FNP | Piezo: ~1 ms Int.: 1 ms Offline: 50 μs |
7.5 | - | - | [92] |
| Rate: ~100 kHz | |||||||
| Sample speed: 6 µm2/s | |||||||
| 3D-DyPLoT | 6.6/8.7/15.6 | Sample: FNP | Int.: 20 μs Piezo: ~1 ms |
20 | 20 | 30 s for particle with 8.9 μm2/s dynamics | [93] |
| Rate: ~80 kHz | |||||||
| D: Stationary | |||||||
| Image-based (bi-plane) | 7/8/27 | Sample: FNP | Int.: 0.3 ms Piezo: 2 ms |
2.4 | 3-4 | 3 s | [100] |
| Rate: | |||||||
| D: Stationary | |||||||
| Image-based (light-sheet) | 10/10/40 | Sample: FNP | Int.: 1.1 ms | 9.4 | - | - | [101] |
| Rate: 750 photons | |||||||
| D: Stationary |